On the polarization and the wavelength dependence of sea echo

Long, Maurice W.

doi:10.1109/tap.1965.1138511

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…(8), that is, the actual pdf's do not decrease as rapidly for increasing a as does the Rayleigh. This is especially true of measurements taken with high resolution radar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…8 The decrease in ao with angle from the normal is quite rapid. A rough surface according to Lambert's law is one which scatters, per unit angle, a power proportional to the cosine of the acute angle between the direction of the scattering and the normal to the surface at the unit area.…”

Section: Sea Ech) Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Rayleigh probability density function (pdf) is p(adc) 1 ec Oav (8) I av where is the average value of the clutter cross section ac.…”

Section: Shadowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Radar Sea Echo

Skolnik¹

1969

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The radar echo from the sea limits the ability of radar to detect targets.A knowledge of the uea echo is necessary, therefore, for proper design of radars that must detect targets on or over the sea.This report briefly reviews the ocean eurface characteristics that affect radar echo and summarizes the present status of knowledge of the sea echo as a function of radar grazing angle, sea state and wind, polarization, frequency and other factors. A plot of ao (radar cross section per unit area) as a function of grazing angle and frequency obtained from an averaged comi posite of reported data shows that no simple law of frequency dependence should be expected.The attempts made in the past to 2 provide theoretical models describaing the sea echo are reviewed and lead up to the presently accepted models of scattering surfaces composed of the larger gravity wares on which are superimposed the smaller capillary waves. The influence of sea echo on radar design is discussed and is considerably different than the uaual design restraints imposed by thermal ncoae.The potential application of radar for oceanographic measuretrents such as sea state and wind is described.

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“…(8), that is, the actual pdf's do not decrease as rapidly for increasing a as does the Rayleigh. This is especially true of measurements taken with high resolution radar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Sea Ech) Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

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A Review of Radar Sea Echo

Skolnik¹

1969

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“…They usually extend one pulse length in range and one beamwidth in azimuth and can remain for around 10s. They are usually fixed in position, except for a drift in the direction of the swell and sea waves [4] [75].…”

Section: Figure 29 Sea Clutter Response As a Function Of Grazing Angmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-Based Radar Detection in Sea Clutter

Pratt¹,

Kossler²

2015

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“…Goldstein (1946), Grant & Yaplee (1957), and Long (1965) have indicated that Ñ 0 varies between f 4 , where f is the radar frequency, in calm seas, to about f 0 in rough seas. The dependence of the cross-section on polarisation has been examined by Goldstein (1946), MacDonald (1956 and Long (1965). It has been found that the variation of Ñ 0 with polarisation depends upon the radar frequency, the roughness of the sea, and the direction in which measurements are made, i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%