On the physical differences between tensile testing of type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels with internal hydrogen and in external hydrogen

Marchi, Chris San; Michler, Thorsten; Nibur, Kevin A.; Somerday, Brian P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.06.018

Cited by 154 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The crack growth is only calculated by equation (4) as no crack growth along a grain boundary is modelled. The irreversibility constant C CTSD is determined with 0.2 µm/cycle by comparing the calculated with the experimentally observed crack growth in Figure 9 c).…”

Section: Simulation Results Of Uncharged Specimens In X2-12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can occur separately or in combination, so that different mechanisms can take the dominant role during crack initiation and crack growth. Most of the research on hydrogen embrittlement of stainless steels deals with the characterization of long fatigue crack growth behaviour [2,3] or the effect of hydrogen on monotonic properties obtained in tensile tests [4,5]. There is only little information available about the mechanisms of crack initiation and early crack growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue Behaviour of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steels

et al. 2018

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Abstract. In the present study, the influence of hydrogen on the fatigue behaviour of the high strength martensitic stainless steel X3CrNiMo13-4 and the metastable austenitic stainless steels X2Crni19-11 with various nickel contents was examined in the low and high cycle fatigue regime. The focus of the investigations was the changes in the mechanisms of short crack propagation. The aim of the ongoing investigation is to determine and quantitatively describe the predominant processes of hydrogen embrittlement and their influence on the short fatigue crack morphology and crack growth rate. In addition, simulations were carried out on the short fatigue crack growth, in order to develop a detailed insight into the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms relevant for cyclic loading conditions.

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Section: Simulation Results Of Uncharged Specimens In X2-12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue Behaviour of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steels

et al. 2018

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“…An external hydrogen source promotes crack initiation and propagation at the surface. Similar to surface cracks, the propagation of internal cracks is accelerated by the presence of internal hydrogen in the 304 and 316 SSs [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that the HE susceptibility of the austenitic SSs is affected by the compositions [35,36] and prestrained level of the SS [37,38]. Dynamic interactions between hydrogen and the induced martensite play important roles in the HE of the hydrogen-charged 304 SS [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low-Temperature Sensitization on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 301 Stainless Steel

Shiue

Chen

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:The effect of metastable austenite on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of cold-rolled (30% reduction in thickness) 301 stainless steel (SS) was investigated. Cold-rolled (CR) specimens were hydrogen-charged in an autoclave at 300 or 450 • C under a pressure of 10 MPa for 160 h before tensile tests. Both ordinary and notched tensile tests were performed in air to measure the tensile properties of the non-charged and charged specimens. The results indicated that cold rolling caused the transformation of austenite into α and ε-martensite in the 301 SS. Aging at 450 • C enhanced the precipitation of M 23 C 6 carbides, G, and σ phases in the cold-rolled specimen. In addition, the formation of α martensite and M 23 C 6 carbides along the grain boundaries increased the HE susceptibility and low-temperature sensitization of the 450 • C-aged 301 SS. In contrast, the grain boundary α -martensite and M 23 C 6 carbides were not observed in the as-rolled and 300 • C-aged specimens.

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“…It has been reported that external hydrogen is more harmful than internal (precharged) hydrogen [21] in austenitic stainless steel. In this study, the specimens were not the same as those used in the previous study, but the lower crosshead speed probably provided time for the increment in hydrogen concentration at the fracture process zone due to external hydrogen absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Evaluating Delayed Fracture Susceptibility of Tempered Martensitic Steel Showing Quasi-Cleavage Fracture

Matsumoto

Takai

2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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The difference in the hydrogen charging methods, immersion in a NH 4 SCN aqueous solution, and cathodic electrolysis in a NaOH aqueous solution, did not affect the hydrogen state present in the steel, but it did affect the surface state of the specimens through corrosion, causing fracture strength to fluctuate in tensile testes. As for stress application method, the fracture strength at lower crosshead speeds in tensile tests was consistent with that found for hydrogen precharging prior to stress application in CLTs as long as hydrogen charging was conducted by cathodic electrolysis. However, the fracture strength obtained with concurrent hydrogen charging without precharging prior to stress application in CLTs was higher than that with hydrogen precharging prior to stress application in CLTs regardless of the same hydrogen content. In other words, delayed fracture susceptibility was affected by the order of hydrogen charging and stress application for quasi-cleavage fracture associated with local plastic deformation, i.e., dislocation motion. Therefore, by taking into account the cathodic electrolysis in the NaOH solution, the low crosshead speed and the order of hydrogen charging and stress application, the fracture strength in CLTs, and tensile tests coincided with respect to quasi-cleavage fracture even though the stress application methods were different.

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On the physical differences between tensile testing of type 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels with internal hydrogen and in external hydrogen

Cited by 154 publications

References 18 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue Behaviour of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steels

Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism in Fatigue Behaviour of Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steels

Effect of Low-Temperature Sensitization on Hydrogen Embrittlement of 301 Stainless Steel

Method of Evaluating Delayed Fracture Susceptibility of Tempered Martensitic Steel Showing Quasi-Cleavage Fracture

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