On the Performance of Spatially Correlated Large Antenna Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Neil, Callum T.; García‐Rodríguez, Adrián; Smith, Peter J.; Dmochowski, Pawel A.; Masouros, Christos; Shafi, Mansoor

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2759842

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…14. A half wavelength antenna spacing, (1/2)λ, introduces independent fading while (3/8) wavelength antenna spacing shows a substantial correlation [25]. However, the performance gap diminishes as the number of antennas increases in a massive MIMO as we expected.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Unfortunately, with the current technology, the number of paths and the delay spread are shown correlated for the corridor and the LOS hall in mmWave frequencies [21]. The channel correlations in MIMO [22], [23] and massive MIMO [24], [25] as well as in Rayleigh [26] and Nakagami [27] fading channels are extensively studied. Besides, the detailed statistical mmWave channel models are provided for several key channel parameters, and the spatial channel is modeled as a correlated Kronecker model [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymptotic Orthogonal Space Shift Keying in Massive MIMO Systems

Jang

2019

IEEE Access

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We investigate space shift keying, which is a simple form of spatial modulation. The bit error rate performance of line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) was obtained in the literature with orthogonal subchannels for indoor millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. It is essential to impose a rigid restriction on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and antenna spacing to maintain orthogonal subchannels. However, in wireless communications, it is not viable to meet the strict distance requirements since user equipment is portable. We propose asymptotic orthogonal space shift keying with mobile stations. The asymptotic orthogonal space shift keying approaches orthogonal subchannels for a large number of transmitter and receiver antennas in correlated subchannels. This result is valuable for future wireless MIMO communications in mmWave frequencies. The massive MIMO renders the subchannel correlation symmetrical so that they can cancel each other. The example correlation model is employed for a numerical illustration. The proposed performance analysis is based on a large number of miniaturized antennas available in mmWave frequencies.

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Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptotic Orthogonal Space Shift Keying in Massive MIMO Systems

Jang

2019

IEEE Access

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“…. , U is the normalized array response vector, which for ULA case is given by (5), and φ tx u,q , u = 1, . .…”

Section: Analog Precodermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, mMIMO mmWave systems are very promising, they still face some difficulties such as: the mmWave mMIMO channels tend to be more correlated [5][6][7]; the power consumption of some hardware components of radio frequency (RF) chains, such as analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), mixers, power amplifiers, is higher; and the cost of some hardware components of the referred RF chains is also higher. Therefore, new techniques that consider the specific characteristics of the channel and hardware constraints should be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiuser Equalizer for Hybrid Massive MIMO mmWave CE-OFDM Systems

et al. 2019

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This paper considers a multiuser broadband uplink massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) millimeter-wave (mmWave) system. The constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM) is adopted as a modulation technique to allow an efficient power amplification, fundamental for mmWave based systems. Furthermore, a hybrid architecture is considered at the user terminals (UTs) and base station (BS) to reduce the high cost and power consumption required by a full-digital architecture, which has a radio frequency (RF) chain per antenna. Both the design of the UT’s precoder and base station equalizer are considered in this work. With the aim of maximizing the beamforming gain between each UT and the BS, the precoder analog coefficients are computed as a function of the average angles of departure (AoD), which are assumed to be known at the UTs. At the BS, the analog part is derived by assuming a system with no multi-user interference. Then, a per carrier basis nonlinear/iterative multi-user equalizer, based on the iterative block decision feedback equalization (IB-DFE) principle is designed, to explicitly remove both the multi-user and residual inter carrier interferences, not tackled in the analog part. The equalizer design metric is the sum of the mean square error (MSE) of all subcarriers, whose minimization is shown to be equivalent to the minimization of a weighted error between the hybrid and the full digital equalizer matrices. The results show that the proposed hybrid multi-user equalizer has a performance close to the fully digital counterpart.

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“…The combination of mMIMO with mmWave is very promising, but it also presents several difficulties. For instance, the channels tend to be more correlated [6]- [8], and the power consumption and high cost of some hardware components of radio frequency (RF) chains (e.g., analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digitalto-analog converters (DACs), mixers, power amplifiers, etc., which can be much more complex at mmWave frequencies) make it impracticable to have one fully dedicated RF chain for each antenna; additionally, new beamforming techniques need to be developed [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Multi-User Equalizer for Massive MIMO Millimeter-Wave Dynamic Subconnected Architecture

et al. 2019

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This paper proposes a hybrid multiuser equalizer for the uplink of broadband millimeterwave massive multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) systems with dynamic subarray antennas. Hybrid subconnected architectures are more suitable for practical applications since the number of required phase shifters is lower than in fully connected architectures. We consider a set of only analog precoded users transmitting to a base station and sharing the same radio resources. At the receiver end, the hybrid multiuser equalizer is designed by minimizing the sum of the mean square error (MSE) of all subcarriers, considering a two-step approach. In the first step, the digital part is iteratively computed as a function of the analog part. It is considered that the digital equalizers are computed on a per subcarrier basis, while the analog equalizer is constant over the subcarriers and the digital iterations due to hardware constraints. In the second step, the analog equalizer with dynamic antenna mapping is derived to connect the best set of antennas to each radio frequency (RF) chain. For each subset of antennas, one antenna and a quantized phase shifter are selected at a time, taking into account all previously selected antennas. The results show that the proposed hybrid dynamic two-step equalizer achieves a performance close to the fully connected counterpart, although it is less complex in terms of hardware and signal processing requirements. INDEX TERMS Multiuser equalizer, hybrid dynamic architecture, massive multiple input/multiple output (MIMO), millimeter-wave communications.

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On the Performance of Spatially Correlated Large Antenna Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Asymptotic Orthogonal Space Shift Keying in Massive MIMO Systems

Asymptotic Orthogonal Space Shift Keying in Massive MIMO Systems

Multiuser Equalizer for Hybrid Massive MIMO mmWave CE-OFDM Systems

Hybrid Multi-User Equalizer for Massive MIMO Millimeter-Wave Dynamic Subconnected Architecture

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