On the performance of membraneless laminar flow-based fuel cells

Jayashree, Ranga S.; Yoon, Sang Min; Brushett, Fikile R.; Lopez-Montesinos, Pedro O.; Natarajan, Dilip; Markoski, Larry J.; Kenis, Paul J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.029

Cited by 158 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Concerning these materials, it is interesting to note the sheer number of reactant combinations that have been attempted with CLFCs. Some of the liquid fuels used include dissolved hydrogen [45], methanol [46], [75], [78], [89], [126], [133], [134], formic acid [38], [54], [75], [79], [81], [123], [127], [129], [131], [135]- [139], hydrogen peroxide [48], [122], V 2+ [37], [55], [56], [58], [87], [92], [94], [96], [105], [106], glucose [80], [83]- [85], [111], [112], [130], glycerol [128], acetate [114], sodium borohydride [75], [91], hydrazine and ethanol [75]. Moreover, it would seem that many CLFC studies focus on other aspects such as catalysis which are not necessarily related to the co-laminar technology [78]- [81], [128], [137], [139].…”

Section: Research Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-laminar flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion

Goulet

Kjeang

2014

Journal of Power Sources

104

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A recently developed class of electrochemical cell based on co-laminar flow of reactants through porous electrodes is investigated. New architectures are designed and assessed for fuel recirculation and rechargeable battery operation.Extensive characterization of cells is performed to determine most sources of voltage loss during operation. To this end, a specialized flow cell technique is developed to mitigate mass transport limitations and measure kinetic rates of reaction on flow-through porous electrodes. This technique is used in in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate different treatments for enhancing the rates of vanadium redox reactions on carbon paper electrodes. It is determined that surface area enhancements are the most effective way for increasing redox reaction rates and thus a novel in situ flowing deposition method is conceived to achieve this objective at minimal cost. It is demonstrated that flowing deposition of carbon nanotubes can increase the electrochemical surface area of carbon paper by over an order of magnitude. It is also demonstrated that flowing deposition can be achieved dynamically during cell operation, leading to considerably improved kinetics and mass transport properties. To take full advantage of this deposition method, the total ohmic resistance of the cell is considerably reduced through design optimization with reduced channel width, integration of current collectors and reduction of reactant concentration. With electrodes enhanced by dynamic flowing deposition the cell presented in this study demonstrates nearly a fourfold improvement in power density over the baseline design.Producing more than twice the power density of the leading co-laminar flow cell without the use of catalysts or elevated temperatures and pressures, this cell provides a lowcost standard for further research into system scale-up and implementation of co-laminar flow cell technology. More generally, the experimental technique and deposition method developed in this work are expected to find broader use in other fields of electrochemical energy conversion. am also very grateful to my graduate colleagues at SFU and friends in FCRel, with a special mention to Omar in particular, for all the pleasant conversations and good times.I wish there had been more.Last but not least, I'd like to acknowledge all the family and friends I was unable to spend quality time with due to this work. I look forward to seeing you all again.vi Tables Table 1. for their higher specific energy and energy density [6]. For the same reasons, the lower power (< 100 W) market which is driven by portable consumer electronics, is currently 2 dominated by closed cell lithium ion batteries in particular [7]. As these batteries reach their limits and fail to keep up with the energy requirements of modern electronics, micro fuel cells with passively pumped higher energy density liquid reactants such as methanol have been suggested as a potential replacement [8].Regardless...

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Section: Research Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-laminar flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion

Goulet

Kjeang

2014

Journal of Power Sources

104

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“…In addition, a power density in air-breathing laminar flow fuel cells of 26 mW/cm 2 was obtained. Because of the marked performance improvement of the air-breathing microfluidic fuel cells, several studies investigating the various effects on the performance of similar fuel cells reacting with either methanol or formic acid were carried out [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In order to have a notable microfluidic fuel cell performance, the anodic gas diffusion electrodes of those fuel cells were always heavily loaded with a catalyst, ranging from 7 mg/cm 2 to 10 mg/cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides electricity, a gaseous product, CO2, is also produced in the anode based on the electrochemical reaction. Based on a careful examination of the related literature [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], it can be found that the anode catalyst loading of an air-breathing microfluidic fuel cell is usually so high (>8 mg/cm 2 ) that the bubbles are most likely to be presented on the electrode due to the high cell current output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Test of an Air-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cell

et al. 2015

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An air-breathing direct formic acid microfluidic fuel cell, which had a self-made anode electrode of 10 mg/cm 2 Pd loading and 6 mg/cm 2 Nafion content, was fabricated and tested. The microfluidic fuel cell was achieved by bonding a PDMS microchannel that was fabricated by a soft-lithography process and a PMMA sheet that was machined by a CO2 laser for obtaining 50 through holes of 0.5 mm in diameter. Formic acid of 0.3 M, 0.5 M, and 1.0 M, mixed with 0.5-M H2SO4, was supplied at a flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 mL/min as fuel. The maximum power density of the fuel cell fed with 0.5-M HCOOH was approximately 31, 32.16, and 31 mW/cm 2 at 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 mL/min, respectively. The simultaneous recording of the flow in the microchannel and the current density of the fuel cell at 0.2 V, within a 100-s duration, showed that the period and amplitude of each unsteady current OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 2083 oscillation were associated with the bubble resident time and bubble dimension, respectively. The effect of bubble dimension included the longitudinal and transverse bubble dimension, and the distance between two in-line bubbles as well.

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“…2 shows the XRD patterns of Pt 1 0 0 /C, Pt 8 0 Sn 2 0 /C, Pt 8 0 Ni 2 0 /C, and Pt 80 Sn 10 Ni 10 /C catalysts. The peak at [25][26][27][28][29][30] o observed in all diffraction patterns of the carbon-supported catalysts is attributed to the (0 0 2) plane of the hexagonal structure of the Vulcan XC-72R carbon support [28] o are attributed to the Pt (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0), and (3 1 1) crystalline planes, respectively, which represents the typical character of crystalline Pt with face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure. In the case of Pt 80 Ni 20 /C and Pt 80 Sn 10 Ni 10 /C, the addition of Ni to Pt promoted a shift in the Pt-peaks to slightly higher 2θ values, indicating the formation of an alloy upon incorporation of Ni into the platinum structure [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrode area along a microchannel wall between the inlets and the outlet (3 cm long and 0.1 cm wide) was used as the geometric surface area of the electrodes in this study (0.3 cm 2 ). The design has been described in detail elsewhere [1,27]. The anolyte used in the anode side was 1.0 M ethanol + 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and the catholyte used in the cathode side was 0.1 M percarbonate + 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Single Cell Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Nanometals (Ni and Sn) in Platinum-Based Ternary Electrocatalysts for Ethanol Electro-oxidation in Membraneless Fuel Cells

Ponmani

Kiruthika

Muthukumaran

2015

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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In the present work, Carbon supported Pt 100 , Pt 80 Sn 20 , Pt 80 Ni 20 and Pt 80 Sn 10 Ni 10 electrocatalysts with different atomic ratios were prepared by ethylene glycol-reduction method to study the electro-oxidation of ethanol in membraneless fuel cell. The electrocatalysts were characterized in terms of structure, morphology and composition by using XRD, TEM and EDX techniques. Transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed a decrease in the mean particle size of the catalysts for the ternary compositions.

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On the performance of membraneless laminar flow-based fuel cells

Cited by 158 publications

References 2 publications

Co-laminar flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion

Co-laminar flow cells for electrochemical energy conversion

Fabrication and Test of an Air-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cell

Investigation of Nanometals (Ni and Sn) in Platinum-Based Ternary Electrocatalysts for Ethanol Electro-oxidation in Membraneless Fuel Cells

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