On the Performance and Operability of GE’s Dry Low NO  Combustors utilizing Exhaust Gas Recirculation for PostCombustion Carbon Capture

Evulet, Andrei; Elkady, A. M.; Branda, Anthony R.; Chinn, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.182

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Other researchers have reached similar performance gains with up to 30% EGR [15]; however, there is limited information on reaction behavior at lower oxygen concentrations as stable operation was not maintained with further increase in EGR amounts [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sExamined the role of entrainment on distributed combustion under different conditions. N 2 and CO 2 are used to simulate entrained combustion gases from within the combustor. Local equivalence ratio distribution obtained through OH ⁄ and CH ⁄ chemiluminescence. NO chemiluminescence significantly reduced under distributed combustion conditions. Reaction distribution demonstrated at 15% O 2 and lower, with almost invisible flame. a b s t r a c tHigh intensity colorless distributed combustion (CDC) provides high efficiency combustion with stable operation and ultra-low emissions. The role of internal entrainment of hot reactive gases requires further investigation in order to obtain minimum requirements for distributed combustion. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of reactive gases on the flame behavior and structure is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion. A mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide was introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with the fuel to simulate the recirculated product gases from within the combustor. Increase dilution with nitrogen or carbon dioxide increased the reaction zone volume to result in uniform distribution of CH ⁄ and OH ⁄ chemiluminescence signal and uniform equivalence ratio (measured optically). These conditions replaced the normally present blue flame with a uniform almost invisible faint bluish flame. The increased entrainment also decreased NO chemiluminescence significantly for the same amounts of fuel burned. The chemiluminescence data suggested that lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% resulted in improved distributed combustion conditions with the reaction volume occupying most of the combustor. These conditions provide the minimum entrainment requirement and reduction of oxygen concentration for achieving distributed combustion. Results obtained at different equivalence ratios and entrained gas temperatures showed similar behavior at oxygen concentration of 15%. The reaction distribution was further enhanced at lower oxygen concentration ($11%) with further reduction in pollutants emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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“…Therefore, it is essential to investigate the limitation of the recirculation ratio. As stated by Li et al [24] and Evulet et al [25] that, the minimum oxygen concentration needed to sustain the combustion process should not be lower than 16%vol. Consequently, in this study, the ratio around 33% is the limit ratio of EGR in the NGCC plant, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (Egr)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Application of optimal design methodologies in retrofitting natural gas combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture

et al. 2016

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“…In one study, 40% reduction in NO x has been demonstrated with 35% EGR, leading to oxygen concentration of 17% [11]. In another investigation, it was determined that operation at full load with EGR is an acceptable condition up to 30% EGR, in the absence of acoustic instabilities and with good combustion efficiency [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

Khalil

Gupta

2015

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sExamined the role of entrainment on Distributed Combustion under different conditions. N 2 and CO 2 are used to simulate entrained combustion gases from within the combustor. Low O 2 concentration in the mixture prior to ignition fostered distributed reaction. Reaction distribution demonstrated at 15% O 2 and lower, with almost invisible flame. 80-90% NO reduction demonstrated at oxygen concentration of 15% in the mixture. a b s t r a c tColorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) has shown ultra-low emissions and enhanced performance of simulated gas turbine combustors. To achieve distributed combustion, the flowfield must be tailored for desirable mixture preparation within the combustor prior to mixture ignition. Though CDC have been extensively studied using a variety of geometries, heat release intensities, and fuels, the role of internally recirculated hot reactive gases needs to be further investigated and quantified to obtain the minimum requirement of internal entrainment for achieving distributed reaction condition. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of product gases on flame structure and behavior is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion and to provide guidelines for seeking distributed combustion. To simulate the recirculated gases from within the combustor, a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with fuel and combustion. Increase in the amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (simulating increased recirculation) increased the reaction volume to occupy larger volume with an overall enhanced and uniform distribution as revealed from the OH ⁄ chemiluminescence intensity. At the same time, the bluish flame is replaced with a more uniform almost invisible bluish flame. The increased recirculation also decreased the NO emission significantly for the same amount of fuel burned. Lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% (due to increased recirculation) resulted in 80-90% reduction in NO with no impact on CO emission with sub PPM NO emission achieved at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. The same trend was demonstrated for a range of recirculated gases temperature. The reaction distribution was significantly enhanced with ultra-low emissions for oxygen concentration lower than 16% setting a minimum recirculation requirement for distributed combustion.

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On the Performance and Operability of GE’s Dry Low NO Combustors utilizing Exhaust Gas Recirculation for PostCombustion Carbon Capture

Cited by 81 publications

References 7 publications

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Internal entrainment effects on high intensity distributed combustion using non-intrusive diagnostics

Application of optimal design methodologies in retrofitting natural gas combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture

Impact of internal entrainment on high intensity distributed combustion

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