On the osmotic regulation of the larvae of Ephydra cinerea

Nemenz, Harald

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(60)90066-4

Cited by 43 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These last two families were the only to register a positive relationship with conductivity according to the DISTLM analysis. Ceratopogonidae and Ephydridae have already been reported as salt tolerant (Berezina, 2003;Kefford et al, 2006), probably due to their high hyperosmotic regulation ability (Barnby, 1987;Herbst et al, 1988;Nemenz, 1960;Sutcliffe, 1960). The physiological processes that allow these taxa to withstand high salinities have a high energetic cost, but they allow them to dominate in extreme habitats, where competition and predation are low (Southwood, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of potash mining in streams: the Llobregat basin (northeast Spain) as a case study

2016

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Potash mining is significantly increasing the salt concentration of rivers and streams due to lixiviates coming from the mine tailings. In the present study, we have focused on the middle Llobregat basin (northeast Spain), where an important potash mining activity exists from the beginning of the XX century. Up to 50 million tonnes of saline waste have been disposed in the area, mainly composed of sodium chloride. We assessed the ecological status of streams adjacent to the mines by studying different physicochemical and hydromorphological variables, as well as aquatic macroinvertebrates. We found extraordinary high values of salinity in the studied streams, reaching conductivities up to 132.4 mS/cm. Salt-polluted streams were characterized by a deterioration of the riparian vegetation and the fluvial habitat. Both macroinvertebrate richness and abundance decreased with increasing salinity. In the most polluted stream only two families of macroinvertebrates were found: Ephydridae and Ceratopogonidae. According to the biotic indices IBMWP and IMMi-T, none of the sites met the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD; i.e., good ecological status). Overall, we can conclude that potash-mining activities have the potential to cause severe ecological damage to their surrounding streams. This is mainly related to an inadequate management of the mine tailings, leading to highly saline runoff and percolates entering surface waters. Thus, we urge water managers and policy makers to take action to prevent, detect and remediate salt pollution of rivers and streams in potash mining areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of potash mining in streams: the Llobregat basin (northeast Spain) as a case study

2016

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“…Accordingly, the spatial distributions observed for a majority of the benthic fauna surveyed in the present study likely reflect taxonomic differences in ionic and osmotic regulatory capacities. Larvae of the dipterans Ephvdra and Culicoides are able to adjust physiologically to a wide range of ambient salt concentrations (Nemenz, 1960;Stobbart & Shaw, 1974), but were found to be limited in their distribution to lotic regions of highest salinity. The predominance of Ephydra in Stump Cave Branch was likely due to the absence of predatory fish and the abundance of mats of filamentous algae which provided both oviposition sites for adult flies and a source of nutrients for developing larvae (Collins, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of a saline stream: community responses to spatial gradients of environmental conditions

1991

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Spatial changes in structural and functional characteristics of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in eastern Kentucky were investigated in a drainage system chronically exposed to high levels of chloride salts from nearby oilfield operations. Salinity levels at biological monitoring stations ranged from 0.12-31.3%. Lotic regions with salinities greater than 10% were dominated by larvae of the dipterans Ephydra and Culicoides. In regions with salinities less than 10%o species richness increased more or less linearly with decreasing levels of chloride salts. Ephemeropterans appeared to be one of the major invertebrate groups least tolerant of elevated NaCl levels and were absent in regions with salinities greater than 2%0. Availability of food resources, such as periphyton and particulate organic matter, did not appear to be grossly altered in disturbed regions, and it is suggested that the observed distribution of macroinvertebrate fauna was largely in response to taxonomic differences in salt tolerance. Fish seemed to be more tolerant of highly saline conditions, and several species were observed in regions experiencing salinities as high as 15%,. Accordingly, assemblages of fish taxa along the salinity gradient may have been influenced by trophic factors, such as spatial limitations in availability of invertebrate prey.

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“…Physiological investigations of this genus have demonstrated the capacity for hyper-and hypoosmotic regulation in all species examined (E. riparia, Sutcliffe, 1960; gracilis as cinerea, Nemenz, 1960;hians, Herbst et al, 1988;and geodeni, Barnby, 1987). Contrasts of E. hians and E. gracilis, the two most saline tolerant species, reveal physiological specializations for life in alkaline waters and hyper-215 saline chloride waters, respectively (Herbst, 1999).…”

Section: Distribution Of Ephydra In Nearctic and Palaearctic Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradients of salinity stress, environmental stability and water chemistry as a templet for defining habitat types and physiological strategies in inland salt waters

Herbst

2001

Saline Lakes

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The search for pattern in the geographic occurrence of salt lake flora and fauna often reveals strong associations of specific taxa with certain types of water chemistry. Solute composition, along with salinity and habitat stability, may provide a templet shaping the distribution of many organisms inhabiting saline lakes. A review of studies demonstrating habitat associations, specific solute tolerance, and ionic and osmotic adaptations provide evidence of fidelity to particular conditions of environmental chemistry across a wide taxonomic spectrum. Under low salinity conditions, some species show osmoregulatory adaptability to varied solute composition but the capacity for such flexibility is reduced with increased salinity and only certain taxa are found in hypersaline waters dominated by a particular solute. Anionic ratios of chloride, bicarbonate-carbonate, and sulfate appear to be especially important determinants of distribution. Specific solute tolerance presents an alternative explanation to disrupted hydrographic connections in describing how biogeographic distributions may be restricted to certain aquatic habitats in arid regions. Physiological adaptations to chemistry, exemplified in the brine fly genus Ephydra, may be an integral part of the evolution, ecology and diversification of saline water organisms.

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On the osmotic regulation of the larvae of Ephydra cinerea

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of potash mining in streams: the Llobregat basin (northeast Spain) as a case study

Impact of potash mining in streams: the Llobregat basin (northeast Spain) as a case study

Ecology of a saline stream: community responses to spatial gradients of environmental conditions

Gradients of salinity stress, environmental stability and water chemistry as a templet for defining habitat types and physiological strategies in inland salt waters

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