“…Despite their seeming simplicity, colloidal systems may exhibit fascinating collective behavior when they are driven out of equilibrium by external magnetic or electric fields (2). Recent studies have led to the discovery of self-assembled swimmers, microrobots, and spinners in the system of driven ferromagnetic colloids (3)(4)(5), self-assembly of dynamic rings and vortices in electrostatically driven metallic particles (6), reconfigurable active patterns in metal-dielectric Janus colloids (7), formation of complex vorticity patterns of paramagnetic colloids in triaxial alternating fields (8,9), emergence of large vortices in the system of colloidal dielectric rollers energized by an electric field (10,11), ionic crystals and lane formation in bidisperse colloidal suspensions (12), crystal formation of light-induced colloidal surfers (13), and many others.…”