On the origin of the Itararé Group basal nonconformity and its implications for the Late Paleozoic glaciation in the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Fallgatter, Claus; Paim, Paulo Sérgio Gomes

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.039

Cited by 30 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…In South America, the LPIA is reported from several basins, but the largest one recording such glacial evidence is the intracratonic Paraná Basin. According to several authors, in this basin the LPIA is recorded in the Itararé Group, which comprises widespread proglacial and rare subglacial deposits (Rocha-Campos 1967;Schneider et al, 1974;Milani, 1997;Milani et al, 2007;Rocha-Campos et al, 2008;d´Avila, 2009;Vesely et al, 2015;Aquino et al, 2016;Fallgatter and Paim, 2017). Most of the existing studies of the LPIA in South America indicate an important difference in deposition of glacial deposits between the west and the east: whereas in the western side, glacial strata range from Mississippian to Pennsylvanian, based on both palynology and radiometric dating (Gulbranson et al, 2010, Césari et al, 2011, in Brazil glacial and proglacial beds have systematically been ascribed from Pennsylvanian to Early Cisuralian, but only based on palynological and other palaeontological data (Holz et al, 2008, Neves et al, 2014Taboada et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Besides these major glacial episodes, some authors have also described regional scale, but higher-frequency glacial/deglacial cycles in Paraná and Santa Catarina states (Canuto et al, 2001, Vesely andAssine, 2006;d´Avila, 2009;Vesely et al, 2015, Fallgatter andPaim, 2017). The exposures around Doutor Pedrinho and Vidal Ramos provide good examples of deglacial deposits, mainly exposed in caves and waterfalls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Palaeozoic glacial cycles and subcycles in western Gondwana: Correlation of surface and subsurface data of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Buso

Aquino

Paim

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The Paraná Basin, the largest basin in South America, received glacially derived sediments during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) of the Gondwana supercontinent.Despite the importance of this basin for understanding the continental development of the Gondwana glaciation, and the fact that ca. 95% of this basin is not exposed at the surface, few attempts have been made to connect the exposed glacial strata to the subsurface record. In this paper, exposures of glacial cycles in the Upper Itararé Group in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, are analyzed, locally correlated and then linked to the three major glacial cycles previously described from subsurface studies along the basin. Together study areas (Doutor Pedrinho and Vidal Ramos) record five, partially comparable shorter glacial subcycles (relative to the major glacial cycles). These series comprise coarse-grained subaqueous outwash deposits, turbidite sand sheets, marine shales, and diamictites, the latter mostly derived from delta slope failure and ensuing resedimentation. In addition to sedimentological and genetic stratigraphic description and analysis, preliminary age determination based on the palynological content is also presented. Besides, a regional correlation of the described succession to the subsurface record is proposed based on well logs and core information. All the palynomorph associations identified from the exposed successions, which represent the upper third part of the Itararé Group, are related to the Subzone Protohaploxypinus goraiensis, base of the Vittatina costabilis Zone. This zone and correlated ones along the Gondwana are considered Early Permian in age. However, a first isotopic age recently obtained for the upper Itararé Group and published elsewhere is considered within a regional stratigraphic framework once it leads to new insights in terms of the LPIA time span recorded in the Paraná Basin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Palaeozoic glacial cycles and subcycles in western Gondwana: Correlation of surface and subsurface data of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Buso

Aquino

Paim

et al. 2019

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…Multiple glacial lobes derived either from continental ice sheets or from smaller, topographically controlled ice caps have been interpreted in southeast South America. The reconstruction of these lobes and inferences regarding their paleoflow direction are mainly supported by erosional glacial landforms incised in the preglacial substrate, such as striated pavements, streamlined landforms, and glacial troughs and valleys (e.g., Frakes and Crowell, 1969;Rocha-Campos et al, 1988;Gesicki et al, 2002;Trosdtorf et al, 2005;Rosa et al, 2016;Fallgatter and Paim, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhumed subglacial landscape in Uruguay: Erosional landforms, depositional environments, and paleo-ice flow in the context of the late Paleozoic Gondwanan glaciation

Assine

Ana

Veroslavsky

et al. 2018

Sedimentary Geology

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A well-exposed glacial surface sculpted on Precambrian crystalline basement rocks occurs below the glacial succession of the San Gregorio Formation on the eastern border of the Chaco-Parana Basin in Uruguay and was formed in the context of the late Paleozoic Gondwana Ice Age. On the glacial surface are asymmetric parallel streamlined bedrock landforms interpreted as whalebacks. The downglacier (lee-side) faces of the whalebacks have gentle slopes dipping NNW with striated and sometimes polished surfaces on crystalline rocks. These landforms are covered by 10-100-cm-thick layers of tillites and shear-laminated siltstones, suggesting glacial abrasion produced mainly by subglacial till sliding. The subglacial facies are ice-molded, and exhibit meso-scale glacial lineations such as ridges and grooves up to 30 m long and 30 cm deep. The subglacial association is directly overlain by proglacial fine-grained facies (rhythmites) with dropstones indicating a subaqueous depositional environment following ice-margin retreat. The fine-grained facies are erosively cut by a succession of sandstones with wave-generated stratification resting on a basal conglomerate. Intraformational striated surfaces, NNEoriented, were found on four distinct bedding planes within the sandstone package and interpreted as ice keel scour marks produced by floating ice. The San Gregorio deposits are partially confined in a wide and shallow subglacial trough and the stratigraphic succession is interpreted as the record of a glacial advance-retreat cycle comparable to deglacial sequences from other late Paleozoic localities. The paleo-ice flow to the NNW indicated by subglacial lineations is parallel to that verified in the southernmost Paraná Basin located north of the study area, suggesting a paleogeographic scenario in which glaciers advanced northward into a glaciomarine environment. The proposed palaeogeography does not confirm the previous hypothesis of an ice center on the Sul-Riograndense Shield but, instead, it corroborates a south-derived Uruguayan Ice Lobe advancing to the north, probably with provenance far afield in terranes of the present-day southern African.

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“…It is here thought that positive feedback existed between pre-glacial topography, ice-margin stabilization and deposition of sediments: ice anchorage and position of the grounding zone immediately after the initial ice-margin retreat were at least partly controlled by bedrock pinning points, which in turn also controlled the position of the GZWs themselves, acting to further stabilize the ice margin and even permitting its autogenic re-advance. This first fluctuation sequence was hence mainly deposited in troughs of the preglacial topography (Figure 11; see also Fallgatter and Paim, 2017), while highs may have pinned and maintained a more or less perennial ice shelf.…”

Section: Ice Margin Fluctuations and Grounding-line Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These successive ice sheet waxing and waning events probably depended on parameters such as the wander of the South Pole (Opdyke et al, 2001), variable concentration of atmospheric CO 2 (Frank et al, 2008;Montañez et al, 2016;Myers, 2016), and/or the erection of mountain belts (Isbell et al, 2012;Goddéris et al, 2017). Investigations on correlative glaciogenic deposits across Gondwana have been carried out in South America (Dykstra et al, 2012;Vesely et al, 2015;Tedesco et al, 2016;Fallgatter and Paim, 2017;Valdez Buso et al, 2017;Assine et al, 2018), the Middle East (Martin et al, 2008;Stephenson et al, 2013), India (Wopfner and Jin, 2009), Madagascar (Wescott and Diggens, 1997), Australia (Fielding et al, 2008b), Antarctica (Isbell, 2010;Cornamusini et al, 2017) and North Africa (Le Heron et al, 2009;Bussert, 2010;, where spectacular, glacially related palaeoreliefs (fjords, ice stream corridors) have been discovered.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ice‐margin fluctuation sequences and grounding zone wedges: The record of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the eastern Karoo Basin (Dwyka Group, South Africa)

Dietrich

Hofmann

2019

The Depositional Record

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In the eastern part of the Karoo Basin of South Africa, the sedimentary record of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, the Dwyka Group, consists of an up to 200 m thick accumulation of massive to crudely stratified diamictite occasionally interstratified with siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate horizons. Three distinct sedimentary units, separated by intervening glacial erosion surfaces, are viewed as ice‐margin fluctuation sequences. The lowermost one, resting on highly uneven, glacially abraded Archaean basement, has been interpreted as a grounding zone wedge deposited after the retreat and stabilization of the ice margin after the inundation of the Karoo Basin. The grounding zone wedge interpretation is based on its thickness (up to 100 m), the dominance of diamictite, and its facies assemblage and inferred depositional processes (rain‐out of debris, dropstone dumping, mass and debris flow, till). Overlying the grounding zone wedge, deposits are sedimentary units interpreted as glaciofluvial or ice‐contact delta and grounding zone wedges, respectively. By analogy with Quaternary sedimentary sequences, deposition of the Dwyka Group in the study area might have been very rapid (tens to hundreds of thousand years) and may hence correlate with the ultimate deglacial sequence of the Western Karoo Basin, as both successions are covered by the postglacial Ecca Group. Although commonly observed and imaged on modern, high‐latitude continental shelves, grounding zone wedges have never been interpreted in the ancient geological record. This paper therefore outlines a model defining criteria necessary for their identification.

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On the origin of the Itararé Group basal nonconformity and its implications for the Late Paleozoic glaciation in the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Cited by 30 publications

References 69 publications

Late Palaeozoic glacial cycles and subcycles in western Gondwana: Correlation of surface and subsurface data of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Late Palaeozoic glacial cycles and subcycles in western Gondwana: Correlation of surface and subsurface data of the Paraná Basin, Brazil

Exhumed subglacial landscape in Uruguay: Erosional landforms, depositional environments, and paleo-ice flow in the context of the late Paleozoic Gondwanan glaciation

Ice‐margin fluctuation sequences and grounding zone wedges: The record of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the eastern Karoo Basin (Dwyka Group, South Africa)

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