On the origin of the universe of matter and light in a combined four-manifold of particle-waves

Light, Gregory L.

doi:10.12988/astp.2013.13006

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…The interior of B, carrying coordinates {(ti, xi, yi, zi)}, yields quotient spaces mod 2πi, and is thus responsible for quantum entanglements ∀t > 0. At t = 0 the center of B broke B ⊂M [2] open and branched out M [1] of diameter λ * = 2.56 × 10 −35 meter (= Planck length, which we proved in [7]), when fermions and bosons will be shown below to have been created at the center of M [1] ∩ B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…As such, we can just use Λ A (t) alone to describe the motion of a particle in the sequel. In [7] we showed how S 1 (x,y) ∪ S 1 (x,z) at the Big Bang could be regrouped into…”

Section: Matter Composition and The Nuclear Weak Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now all particles originated from the Big Bang, where there was a unique common wave length responsible for the emergence of all particles (see [7]) λ * = 2.56 × 10 −35 meter (= P lanck length.) , with…”

Section: Similarly We Then Havementioning

confidence: 99%

“…e.g., [6], for generalizing Pauli matrices by Clifford algebra into higher dimensions for quantum information theories). Our construct of "combined manifold" (see [7] for a comprehensive but compact summary of our work up to this paper) may be visualized as two identical stamps glued together with one copy containing particles of energy E [1] in {(x, y) ∈ R 2 } and the other copy containing their associated waves of energy E [2] in {x + yi ∈ C} (cf. e.g., [3,4] for the construct of mirror universe of particles, to be distinguished from our duplicate universe of electromagnetic wave energies).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 , separating antimatter from matter, and at the same time confirm the well-known parity asymmetry. From our previous work (see [7]), prior to the Big Bang there had been a universe M [2] containing electromagnetic pure waves and possessing a gravitational constant G [2]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Standard Model in the framework of the combined spacetime 4-manifold of particles and waves-a heuristic introduction

Light¹

2013

astp

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This paper represents a culmination of our previous work. We started with the hypothesis of a pair of independent Einstein Field Equations responsible for two spacetime 4-manifolds M[1] and M[2], each with its own gravitational constant G[1] and G[2]. We combined M[1] and M[2] into M[3], with G[3] equal to the observed value. We then derived the values of G[1] and G[2]. We found that G[2] is so large that a cosmic black hole B could easily be formed in M[2] and the center of B by its infinite energy density opened up M[1], the Big Bang, transforming the hitherto pure electromagnetic waves contained in B of M[2] into particle-waves. By Feynman's analysis of the electromagnetic mass, we distributed energy E[3] = E[1] + E[2] = (3/4)E[3] + (1/4)E[3]. We cast Pauli matrices in M[3] and derived the motion of a free electron-wave via the Dirac equation to be a uniform circular motion around two perpendicular connected semicircles ; at their intersection virtual photons are emitted for electromagnetic interactions. We derived the unique wave length that was the diameter of M[1] at the Big Bang to be the Planck length and showed how the union of two spinning circles of electromagnetic wave energy within this wave length could be decomposed into a pair of electron-wave and positron-wave. In this paper we go one step further to show how the above decomposition at the Big Bang could also result in all the observed fermions and bosons with their associated antiparticles, thus essentially concluding our theory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…As such, we can just use Λ A (t) alone to describe the motion of a particle in the sequel. In [7] we showed how S 1 (x,y) ∪ S 1 (x,z) at the Big Bang could be regrouped into…”

Section: Matter Composition and The Nuclear Weak Forcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Similarly We Then Havementioning

confidence: 99%