On the origin of the lipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid

Swahn, Bengt; Brönneståm, Rolf; Dencker, S. J.

doi:10.1212/wnl.11.5.437

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The majority of these particles were spherical, although some We have demonstrated the presence of apos A-I, E, C-I, and C-III in cerebrospinal fluid; apo B could not be detected. Previous reports indicated the presence of a lipoproteins in normal cerebrospinal fluid and the appearance of :3 lipoproteins in patients with neurological disorders (25). We have used the absence of apo B and measurements of albumin concentration as an indication that the samples were not contaminated with plasma proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Roheim¹,

Carey²,

Forte³

et al. 1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presence of apolipoproteins A-I, E, C-II, and GIII and the absence of apolipoprotein B was demonstrated in human cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration of apolipoproteins was measured by electroimmunoassay. Apolipoproteins E, C-I1, and C-Il were present in cerebrospinal fluid at 3-5% of their concentration in plasma; the cerebrospinal fluid level of apolipoprotein A-I was 0.4%. Most of the cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins were present in the p < 1.21 g/ml i protein fraction. The major apoli proteins of cerebrospinal fluid are E and A-I. The possible mechanism of transfer and the physiological and pathophysiological role of apolipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid are postulated.Lipoproteins are macromolecular complexes with Mrs ranging from 107 for very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), 2-3 X 106 for low density lipoproteins (LDL), and 2-4 X 105 for high density lipoproteins (HDL) (1, 2). The protein moieties of the lipoproteins, the apolipoproteins (apo), have specific physiological functions, and some of their alterations are associated with pathological conditions (1-3). The enzyme lecithin cholesteryl acyltransferase requires the presence, as a cofactor, of apo A-I which has a Mr of 28,000 (1, 2). Recently, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein has been described and it is thought to be one of the minor apos, apo D (Mr, 22,000) (4). The action of lipoprotein lipase is modulated by the apo Cs which have Mrs of approximately 000 (1, 2). Cellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated by apo B (Mr, 260,000) and apo E (Mr) 33,000) (1, 2,5, 6).Because interstitial fluid is in direct contact with the cell, knowledge of its apo composition and concentration is important in understanding the regulation of cellular lipid metabolism. Lipoprotein and apo profiles of plasma are being extensively investigated, but information on the apo composition of interstitial fluid is sparse. Apo B concentration in human peripheral lymph is 10% of its concentration in plasma (7) and it is biologically active at that concentration (8). It has been postulated that apos are present in the circulation not only as part of the lipoprotein particle but also as "free" apos-i.e., not associated with a conventional lipoprotein particle (9). Studies with rat renal lymph have shown that its apo composition is different from that in plasma but it is similar to the apo composition of the lipoprotein-free p > 1.21 g/ml fraction (10).The dominant process in the formation of interstitial fluid is filtration of plasma. The concentrations of macromolecules in the interstitial fluids, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid are inversely related to their Mr (11). Because the permeability of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier is much more restricted than the permeability of peripheral capillaries, we chose to examine whether apos are present in cerebrospinal fluid as an approach to the molecular form in which apos are transferred. METHODSCerebrospinal fluid was collected from patients undergoing myelography. Unconcentrated fluid was used for determi...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Roheim¹,

Carey²,

Forte³

et al. 1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

260

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The two most abundant CSF apolipoproteins are apoA-I and apoE; CSF lipoproteins do not contain apoB. ApoE in the human CSF is derived from astrocytes in brain and not from plasma (1,(5)(6)(7). In contrast, apoA-I in human CSF is not produced in brain, but is derived from plasma (3,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E allelic influence on human cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins

Montine

Bassett

et al. 1998

Journal of Lipid Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major apolipoproteins (apo) on human cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins are apoA-I and apoE. Given the association between inheritance of the 4 allele of the apoE gene (APOE4) and increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease, we tested the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins may be influenced by APOE genotype and Alzheimer's disease. Lipoprotein fractions (d Ͻ 1.210 g/ ml) were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid obtained from individuals with different APOE genotypes and with or without pathologically verified Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoproteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by silver nitrate staining, Western blotting, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Four protein species were detected by silver nitrate staining in subjects with an APOE3 allele: apoA-I, apoE monomer, apoE-apoA-II heterodimer, and apoE homodimer. In APOE4 homozygotes, only apoA-I and apoE monomer were detected. ApoA-II homodimer was demonstrated in all subjects by Western blotting. The relative levels of apoE-and apoA-II-containing apolipoproteins correlated with APOE genotype but were not altered by Alzheimer's disease. In contrast to apoE, no apoA-II immunoreactivity was observed with pathological structures in Alzheimer's disease brain. These differences in cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins may influence lipoprotein trafficking and may be an element in the stratification of risk for Alzheimer's disease with APOE genotype.-

show abstract

“…The presence of lipoproteins in human CSF was first reported by Swahn et al (1961). Roheim and coworkers subsequently identified specific apolipoproteins in human CSF and demonstrated that these were associated with the d Ͻ 1.210 g/mL fraction (Roheim et al, 1979).…”

Section: Cerebrospinal Fluid (Csf)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease

Bassett

Montine

Neely

et al. 2000

Microsc. Res. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interest in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipoproteins has been stimulated by the association of certain alleles of the human apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and because apolipoprotein E (apoE) is one of the major apolipoproteins in CSF. CSF lipoproteins (d < 1.210 g/ml fraction) are distinct from their plasma counterparts, and in AD patients CSF may contain novel particles. The protein concentration of CSF lipoproteins is reduced in AD patients. Moreover, the molecular distribution of apoE‐ and apoAII‐containing apolipoproteins in CSF is dictated by APOE. The lipid composition suggests that CSF lipoproteins from AD patients may have undergone increased free radical‐mediated damage; experimental data support the possibility that this may occur both before and after lipoprotein assembly. Finally, human CSF lipoproteins oxidized ex vivo are neurotoxic to neuronal cells in culture and disrupt microtubule structure, an activity not observed with oxidized bovine CSF lipoproteins. CSF lipoproteins may represent a means whereby apoE influences the outcome of free radical‐mediated damage to brain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 50:282–286, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

On the origin of the lipoproteins in the cerebrospinal fluid

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid.

Apolipoprotein E allelic influence on human cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins

Cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins in Alzheimer's disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About