On the origin of sulfur impurities in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline—Reactivity of thiophene derivatives and of their possible precursors under FCC conditions

Leflaive, P.; Lemberton, J.L.; Pérot, G.; Mirgain, C.; Carriat, J.Y.; Colin, J.M.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00936-x

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Little has been reported on the influence of sulfur species in FCC gasoline on membrane performance for FCC gasoline desulfurization. Typical sulfur compounds in gasoline were thiophene species, mercaptans and sulfides [14][15][16]. Sulfur species will produce considerable effect on pervaporation separation performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Zhao

et al. 2008

Separation and Purification Technology

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a b s t r a c tWith the mixtures of n-heptane and different sulfur species making up the model gasoline, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyetherimide (PEI) composite membranes were prepared and used for sulfur removal from gasoline. Effects of sulfur species, feed sulfur content and feed temperature on the desulfurization efficiency were investigated for a series of binary n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures by pervaporation. Experimental results indicated that the change of feed sulfur content produced insignificant effect on sulfur enrichment factor for every sulfur species, while the partial fluxes of sulfur species were proportional to feed sulfur content. With the feed temperature increase, total flux increased for every binary mixture. Sulfur enrichment factor decreased in the following order at the same temperature: thiophene > 2-methylthiophene > 2,5-dimethylthiophene > n-butyl mercaptan > n-butyl sulfide. Correspondingly activation energy of permeation was also obtained. In order to simulate the desulfurization process of real gasoline, effect of more sulfur species coupling exist on separation efficiency was also investigated. With the increase of sulfur species number according to the decrease order of sulfur enrichment factor, total sulfur enrichment factor decreased while total flux was almost invariable.Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Zhao

et al. 2008

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…The environmental regulations are now put in place to regulate the level of sulphur in different fossil fuels [1][2][3]. The higher sulphur levels in fossil fuels obtained from aromatic sulphur heterocyclic compounds, these molecules break down and produce environmental hazards [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodesulphurization of thiophene as a sulphur model compound in crude oils by Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene

Karimi

Sadeghi

Salimi

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:A new biodesulphurization method has been considered using Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene (PE) for biodesulphurization (BDS) of thiophene as an aromatic sulphur model compound of crude oils. Also the biodegradation of thiophene has been modified in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) as a terminal electron acceptor to approach the maximum biodesulphurization efficiency. The obtaining results according to UV-Spectrophotometry at 240 nm, 83.3% of thiophene at the primary concentration of 50 mg/dm 3 , pH = 7, by 0.5 g of biocatalyst in 37°C after 4 h of contact time has been removed. The bacterial cells exhibited a greater and faster biodegradation in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and 94.8% of thiophene has been removed after 3 h of contact time. Kinetic study predicted chemisorption of thiophene on the surface of the biocatalyst, as it followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Morphology and surface functional groups of the biocatalyst have been investigated by SEM and FT-IR, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sulfur concentration of FCC gasoline depends on the sulfur type and its level in the FCC feedstock (Brunet et al 2005). Although elemental sulfur, mercaptans, sulfi des, disulfi des, thiophene and its homologues are all present in petroleum or in petroleum fractions, sulfur occurs mainly in the form of thiophene, sulfi des, mercaptans and disulfi des (Lefl aive et al 2002).A lot of effort is now spent on developing novel and effi cient hydrogen and non-hydrogen desulfurization technologies such as selective extraction, catalytic extraction, selective oxidation, bio-desulfurization, alkylation-extraction, improved selective hydroprocessing and pervaporative desulfurization (PVDS) (Ito et al 2006, Song 2003. It should be noted that this new desulfurization technology has already progressed beyond the lab-scale tests stage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is impossible to mention the harmful effects of sulfur compounds in the increased concentration on the organisms. The negative effect of sulfur compounds during combustion of fuel, is also seen in the form of corrosion of metals and concrete, paper aging or destruction of plastics (Brunet et al 2005, Lefl aive et al 2002, Song 2003. Moreover, the presence of sulfur oxides in exhaust gases from vehicles contributes to the larger emission of NO x and VOC's caused by the reduction of low-temperature catalytic converters activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pervaporative desulfurization of gasoline – separation of thiophene/n-heptane mixture / Perwaporacyjne odsiarczanie benzyny – separacja mieszanin tiofen/n-heptan

Rychlewska

Konieczny

Bodzek

2015

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Reduction of sulfur content in transportation fuels has received increasing attention with growing environmental awareness. Sulfur in gasoline is a considerable source of SO x emissions. Toxicity of sulphur compounds, which by the combustion of motor fuel enters the atmosphere, are primarily associated with the formation of acid rain, which further contribute to the acidifi cation of soil and surface water, as well as the formation of photochemical smog. It is impossible to mention the harmful effects of sulfur compounds in the increased concentration on the organisms. The negative effect of sulfur compounds during combustion of fuel, is also seen in the form of corrosion of metals and concrete, paper aging or destruction of plastics (Brunet et al. 2005, Lefl aive et al. 2002, Song 2003. Moreover, the presence of sulfur oxides in exhaust gases from vehicles contributes to the larger emission of NO x and VOC's caused by the reduction of low-temperature catalytic converters activity. Therefore, many countries adopt new and more rigorous regulations on sulfur content in gasoline. The specifi cation in EU countries, demands a reduction of sulfur level in gasoline and Diesel fuels to 10 ppm (Directive 2009).Nearly all of the sulfur (85-95%) in the typical refi nery plant comes from Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) gasoline, and a small amount originates from light straight run, reforming and isomerisation units. That is why, FCC gasoline is the natural substance to focus on sulfur reduction. The sulfur concentration of FCC gasoline depends on the sulfur type and its level in the FCC feedstock (Brunet et al. 2005). Although elemental sulfur, mercaptans, sulfi des, disulfi des, thiophene and its homologues are all present in petroleum or in petroleum fractions, sulfur occurs mainly in the form of thiophene, sulfi des, mercaptans and disulfi des (Lefl aive et al. 2002).A lot of effort is now spent on developing novel and effi cient hydrogen and non-hydrogen desulfurization technologies such as selective extraction, catalytic extraction, selective oxidation, bio-desulfurization, alkylation-extraction, improved selective hydroprocessing and pervaporative desulfurization (PVDS) (Ito et al. 2006, Song 2003. It should be noted that this new desulfurization technology has already progressed beyond the lab-scale tests stage. In comparison with the traditional and other non-HDS separation processes, membrane separation offers many advantages including lower energy consumption and operating cost, simple operation and control scheme, easy scale up, higher separation effi ciency and adaptability to changes in process streams (Kujawski 2009, White 2006. Those promising advantages make membrane separation an attractive process for many of recent researches. TheoryPervaporation process principle Pervaporation is a membrane technology utilizing a dense non-porous homogeneous polymeric fi lm. The liquid solute selectively dissolves and diffuses in the membrane and is removed as vapour at the downstream side. The vacuum pervaporation is c...

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On the origin of sulfur impurities in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline—Reactivity of thiophene derivatives and of their possible precursors under FCC conditions

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Pervaporation separation of n-heptane/sulfur species mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Biodesulphurization of thiophene as a sulphur model compound in crude oils by Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene

Pervaporative desulfurization of gasoline – separation of thiophene/n-heptane mixture / Perwaporacyjne odsiarczanie benzyny – separacja mieszanin tiofen/n-heptan

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