On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life

Darwin, Charles; Murray, John

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.82303

Cited by 5,240 publications

(2,082 citation statements)

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“…Artificial selection, admired also by Darwin, is a long practiced process by human cooperation. Natural selection introduced by Darwin (1859) as non-artificial, operating analogously to artificial selection without human intervention. Sexual selection introduced by Darwin (1871) as similar to, but distinct from, natural selection.…”

Section: Divergence By Natural or Sexual Selection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits: Rhadicoleptus, Isogamus, Melampophylax genera, Chaetopteryx rugulosa, Psilopteryx psorosa species groups, Drusus bolivari, Annitella kosciuszkii species complexes (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Oláh¹,

Chvojka²,

Coppa³

et al. 2015

Opusc Zool

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Abstract. Speciation traits of paramere, paraproct and aedeagus were applied to find initial split criteria with fine structure analysis in order to prepare diverged trait matrices for delimiting phylogenetic incipient species of unsettled limnephilid taxa in the early stages of reproductive isolation. A brief history is presented how this phenotypic taxonomic tool of the speciation traits was discovered and applied in caddisfly taxonomy. The theoretical basis was elaborated for the phenotypic speciation trait by reviewing several relevant topics in the sciences of taxonomy, molecular genetics and phylogenetics. Perspectives of integrative taxonomy is discussed in context of phenotype versus genotype, immensely complex phenotype versus phenomic challenge, taxonomic impediment versus genetic expedient, taxonomic adaptation of genetic vocabulary versus genetic sophistication and virtualization, New Systematics of Huxley and Mayr versus New Taxonomy of Wheeler. Debates on magic trait, speciation phenotype, speciation trait and super traits are discussed concluding that evolution works with phenotype and why the cryptic species concept is irrelevant. Briefly summarized how speciation traits evolve in sexual selection, through accelerated reproductive isolation with genital evolution through sex-limited speciation traits, including minor sex chromosomes. Why neutral molecular markers are blind compared to the adaptive speciation traits sensitized by fine structure analysis and backed by the potential of high-tech and high-throughput phenotyping and cyber-infrastructure broadly accessible and fed by computable phenotype descriptions. What sort of genetics could really help taxonomy to describe biodiversity of the over 100 million unknown taxa? Collecting new and re-examining old type materials deposited in various collections, the following taxonomic actions were elaborated by speciation traits. Drusus bolivari new species complex has been erected with redescription of Drusus bolivari (McLachlan, 1876), with species status resurrection of D. estrellensis (McLachlan, 1884) stat. restit., with description of five new species: D. carmenae Oláh, sp. nov

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Section: Divergence By Natural or Sexual Selection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits: Rhadicoleptus, Isogamus, Melampophylax genera, Chaetopteryx rugulosa, Psilopteryx psorosa species groups, Drusus bolivari, Annitella kosciuszkii species complexes (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Oláh¹,

Chvojka²,

Coppa³

et al. 2015

Opusc Zool

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“…Darwin's naturalization hypothesis (14) suggested that novel genera would be more successful in naturalizing in new ranges than genera with native representatives. Darwin proposed that species closely related to native species should not succeed because they overlap in resource use (i.e., are unsuccessful because of limiting similarity).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic taxa less related to native species are more invasive

Strauss

Webb

Salamin

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

440

496

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Some species introduced into new geographical areas from their native ranges wreak ecological and economic havoc in their new environment. Although many studies have searched for either species or habitat characteristics that predict invasiveness of exotic species, the match between characteristics of the invader and those of members of the existing native community may be essential to understanding invasiveness. Here, we find that one metric, the phylogenetic relatedness of an invader to the native community, provides a predictive tool for invasiveness. Using a phylogenetic supertree of all grass species in California, we show that highly invasive grass species are, on average, significantly less related to native grasses than are introduced but noninvasive grasses. The match between the invader and the existing native community may explain why exotic pest species are not uniformly noxious in all novel habitats. Relatedness of invaders to the native biota may be one useful criterion for prioritizing management efforts of exotic species.biological invasions ͉ community phylogenetics ͉ grass ͉ novel weapons ͉ supertree

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“…The roots of this idea are present in Darwin ([1859]) and Haldane ([1932]), but it was Hamilton ([1964]) who first made it explicit, with his concept of 'inclusive fitness' and his famous rb > c rule for the spread of altruism.…”

Section: The Ks Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 When the total evolutionary change is written using a statistical partition, as above, a natural explication of this notion suggests itself: the statistical associations between variables should reflect direct causal influences in the world. 12 This idea is spelled out in detail in section 5, with the aid of causal graphs.…”

Section: Equivalence and Causalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation between Kin and Multilevel Selection: An Approach Using Causal Graphs

Okasha

2016

The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-termsThe Relation between Kin and Multi-level SelectionAn Approach Using Causal Graphs Samir OkashaAbstract Kin selection and multi-level selection are alternative approaches for studying the evolution of social behaviour, the relation between which has long been a source of controversy. Many recent theorists regard the two approaches as ultimately equivalent, on the grounds that gene frequency change can be correctly expressed using either. However this shows only that the two are predictively equivalent, not that they offer equally good causal representations of the evolutionary process. This paper articulates the notion of an 'adequate causal representation' using causal graphs, and then seeks to identify circumstances under which kin and multi-level selection do and do not satisfy the test of causal adequacy.

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On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life

Cited by 5,240 publications

References 0 publications

Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits: Rhadicoleptus, Isogamus, Melampophylax genera, Chaetopteryx rugulosa, Psilopteryx psorosa species groups, Drusus bolivari, Annitella kosciuszkii species complexes (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Limnephilid taxa revised by speciation traits: Rhadicoleptus, Isogamus, Melampophylax genera, Chaetopteryx rugulosa, Psilopteryx psorosa species groups, Drusus bolivari, Annitella kosciuszkii species complexes (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Exotic taxa less related to native species are more invasive

The Relation between Kin and Multilevel Selection: An Approach Using Causal Graphs

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