On the origin of leeches by evolution of development

Kuo, Dian‐Han; Lai, Yen-Shin

doi:10.1111/dgd.12573

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Among invertebrates, leeches, primarily the medicinal leech species Hirudo medicinalis and H. verbana , have long been models for neurobiology. Pioneering neuroanatomical studies in the late nineteenth century [ 9 ] laid the basis for work which combines different experimental approaches to study facets of neurobiology and neurodevelopment ranging from behavior to ion channel function in life stages from the embryo to the adult [ 10 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech

et al. 2021

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Background While leeches in the genus Hirudo have long been models for neurobiology, the molecular underpinnings of nervous system structure and function in this group remain largely unknown. To begin to bridge this gap, we performed RNASeq on pools of identified neurons of the central nervous system (CNS): sensory T (touch), P (pressure) and N (nociception) neurons; neurosecretory Retzius cells; and ganglia from which these four cell types had been removed. Results Bioinformatic analyses identified 3565 putative genes whose expression differed significantly among the samples. These genes clustered into 9 groups which could be associated with one or more of the identified cell types. We verified predicted expression patterns through in situ hybridization on whole CNS ganglia, and found that orthologous genes were for the most part similarly expressed in a divergent leech genus, suggesting evolutionarily conserved roles for these genes. Transcriptional profiling allowed us to identify candidate phenotype-defining genes from expanded gene families. Thus, we identified one of eight hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as a candidate for mediating the prominent sag current in P neurons, and found that one of five inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), representing a sub-family of IP3Rs absent from vertebrate genomes, is expressed with high specificity in T cells. We also identified one of two piezo genes, two of ~ 65 deg/enac genes, and one of at least 16 transient receptor potential (trp) genes as prime candidates for involvement in sensory transduction in the three distinct classes of leech mechanosensory neurons. Conclusions Our study defines distinct transcriptional profiles for four different neuronal types within the leech CNS, in addition to providing a second ganglionic transcriptome for the species. From these data we identified five gene families that may facilitate the sensory capabilities of these neurons, thus laying the basis for future work leveraging the strengths of the leech system to investigate the molecular processes underlying and linking mechanosensation, cell type specification, and behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech

et al. 2021

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“…The paddy leech, Whitmania pigra (Whitman, 1884), is a species widely distributed in local freshwater ecosystems and is native to East Asia. (Shen et al, 2011;Kuo and Lai, 2019). Reports suggest that W. pigra is microphagous, non-blood-sucking and mostly prey on eld snails (Weisblat, 2003;Kuo and Lai, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing Facilitates Transcriptomic Research For Whitmania Pigra, The Most Utilized Medical Leech In Chinese Traditional Medicine For Anticoagulant Therapy

Song

Guan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Although leeches are of great medical and economic value in anticoagulant therapy, full-length transcriptomes for leeches remain scarce. Here, we generated the first full-length transcriptome for the paddy leech Whitmania pigra (the most widely utilized medical leech in Chinese traditional medicine) through Pacific Biosciences (Pacbio) single-molecule long-read sequencing. A total of 191,676 full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads were obtained, 30,660 were high-quality unique full-length transcripts. The BUSCO (Bench-marking Universal Single-Copy Orthologues) accession of completeness demonstrated that 74.8% of BUSCOs were complete. We functionally annotated 28,144 transcripts were in public databases, including NR, gene ontology (GO), Pfam, etc. Furthermore, 1,314 long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), 2,574 alternative splicing (AS) events, 932 transcript factors (TFs), and 33,258 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) we identified across all transcripts. From the generated data, a total of 426 anticoagulant genes, including 122 Antistasins, 124 with the Fibrinogen beta and gamma chains, and 62 Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors were screened out. Twenty-five novel proteins were revealed following the evaluation of the annotations and products of these anticoagulant transcripts. The regulation network between LncRNAs and corresponding coding transcripts was found with the typical mang-to-many pattern, especially obvious in a specific type of protein, Guamerin. Collectively, the present findings provide a rich set of full-length cDNA sequences for W. pigra, which will greatly facilitate research on transcriptomic genetic for this species and leeches.

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“…Among invertebrates, leeches, primarily the medicinal leech species Hirudo medicinalis and H. verbana, have long been models for neurobiology. Pioneering neuroanatomical studies in the late 19th century (Retzius 1891) laid the basis for work which combines different experimental approaches to study facets of neurobiology and neurodevelopment ranging from behavior to ion channel function in life stages from the embryo to the adult (Kristan et al 2005;Weisblat 2007;Mladinic et al 2009;Wagenaar 2015;Del-Bel and De-Miguel 2018;Kuo and Lai 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling of Identified Neurons in Leech

Heath‐Heckman¹,

Yoo²,

Winchell³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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While leeches in the genus Hirudo have long been models for neurobiology, the molecular underpinnings of nervous system structure and function in this group remain largely unknown. To begin to bridge this gap, we performed RNASeq on pools of identified neurons of the central nervous system (CNS): sensory T (touch), P (pressure) and N (nociception) neurons; neurosecretory Retzius cells; and ganglia from which these four cell types had been removed. Bioinformatic analyses identified 2,812 putative genes whose expression differed significantly among the samples. These genes clustered into 7 groups which could be associated with one or more of the identified cell types. We verified predicted expression patterns through in situ hybridization on whole CNS ganglia, and found that orthologous genes were for the most part similarly expressed in a divergent leech genus, suggesting evolutionarily conserved roles for these genes. Transcriptional profiling allowed us to identify candidate phenotype-defining genes from expanded gene families. Thus, we identified one of eight hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as a candidate for mediating the prominent sag current in P neurons, and found that one of five inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), representing a sub-family of IP3Rs absent from vertebrate genomes, is expressed with high specificity in T cells. We also identified one of two piezo genes, two of ~65 deg/enac genes, and one of at least 16 transient receptor potential (trp) genes as prime candidates for involvement in sensory transduction in the three distinct classes of leech mechanosensory neurons.

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On the origin of leeches by evolution of development

Cited by 21 publications

References 110 publications

Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech

Transcriptional profiling of identified neurons in leech

Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing Facilitates Transcriptomic Research For Whitmania Pigra, The Most Utilized Medical Leech In Chinese Traditional Medicine For Anticoagulant Therapy

Transcriptional Profiling of Identified Neurons in Leech

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