On the origin of Cetartiodactyla: Comparison of data on evolutionary morphology and Molecular biology

Вислобокова, И. А.

doi:10.1134/s003103011303012x

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Bivariate relationships between the individual vertebrae and body size are, however, strongly impacted by these species with extreme neck loading regimes. Much of the variation in cervical spine length, as well as in the individual vertebral lengths and proportions, is found in cetartiodactyls, due to the high degree of differentiation of neck morphology and function found in this lineage (neck length, skull and appendages morphology, feeding and locomotor habits) (see Vislobokova 2013).…”

Section: Internal Organization Of the Cervical Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential scaling patterns of vertebrae and the evolution of neck length in mammals

2017

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Almost all mammals have seven vertebrae in their cervical spines. This consistency represents one of the most prominent examples of morphological stasis in vertebrae evolution. Hence, the requirements associated with evolutionary modifications of neck length have to be met with a fixed number of vertebrae. It has not been clear whether body size influences the overall length of the cervical spine and its inner organization (i.e., if the mammalian neck is subject to allometry). Here, we provide the first large-scale analysis of the scaling patterns of the cervical spine and its constituting cervical vertebrae. Our findings reveal that the opposite allometric scaling of C1 and C2-C7 accommodate the increase of neck bending moment with body size. The internal organization of the neck skeleton exhibits surprisingly uniformity in the vast majority of mammals. Deviations from this general pattern only occur under extreme loading regimes associated with particular functional and allometric demands. Our results indicate that the main source of variation in the mammalian neck stems from the disparity of overall cervical spine length. The mammalian neck reveals how evolutionary disparity manifests itself in a structure that is otherwise highly restricted by meristic constraints.

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Section: Internal Organization Of the Cervical Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential scaling patterns of vertebrae and the evolution of neck length in mammals

2017

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“…Apparently, these uncertainties sustained a diversity of opinions on the affinities of Hippopotamidae within fossil cetartiodactyls (for example, refs [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Among these, some noncladistic approaches are still radically in disagreement with molecular data 7,8 , whereas combined data set analyses have essentially maintained an unclear emergence of Hippopotamidae from an Oligocene ghost lineage, for example refs 3,4,9. In fact, the integration of Miocene hippopotamid data into morphology-based cladistic analyses brought substantial support to a hippopotamid emergence among anthracotheres 10,11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among these, some noncladistic approaches are still radically in disagreement with molecular data 7,8 , whereas combined data set analyses have essentially maintained an unclear emergence of Hippopotamidae from an Oligocene ghost lineage, for example refs 3,4,9. In fact, the integration of Miocene hippopotamid data into morphology-based cladistic analyses brought substantial support to a hippopotamid emergence among anthracotheres 10,11 . However, this approach did not succeed in precisely identifying the stem group of Hippopotamidae among anthracotheres.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa

Lihoreau

Boisserie

Manthi³

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

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According to molecular data, hippopotamuses and cetaceans form a clade excluding other extant cetartiodactyls. Despite a wealth of spectacular specimens documenting cetacean evolution, this relationship remains poorly substantiated by the fossil record. Indeed, the evolutionary path leading from the hippo-cetacean ancestor to Hippopotamidae is plagued by missing fossil data and phylogenetic uncertainties. Only an origination within the extinct anthracotheres is compatible with molecular results, substantial filling of phyletic gaps and recent discoveries of early Miocene hippopotamids. Yet, the anthracothere stock that gave rise to Hippopotamidae has not been identified. Consequently, recent phylogenetic accounts do not properly integrate the anthracotheriid hypothesis, and relate Hippopotamidae to a stretched ghost lineage and/or close to Suina. Here we describe a new anthracothere from Lokone (Kenya) that unambiguously roots the Hippopotamidae into a well-identified group of bothriodontines, the first large mammals to invade Africa. The hippos are deeply anchored into the African Paleogene.

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“…Improved understanding of the Paraguayan fauna is vital to understand the impacts of anthropogenic changes. Vislobokova (2013); for Cingulata, Gibb et al (2016); and for Primates, Rylands and Mittermeier (2009). Genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order within subfamilies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verification of literature records by actual examination of specimens (including photographs) is much needed but far beyond the scope of this report; it is our intent to provide a useful platform for such study. Nomenclature and taxonomic arrangement to subfamily level follows Wilson and Reeder (2005) with the following exceptions: for Cetartiodactyla we follow Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Vislobokova (2013); for Cingulata, Gibb et al (2016); and for Primates, Rylands and Mittermeier (2009). Genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An annotated checklist of the mammals of Paraguay

Sancha

López‐González

D’Elı́a

et al. 2017

Therya

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As the center of convergence of some of the major bioregions of South America, Paraguay is a biodiverse country of biogeographic importance. Yet despite a long history of natural history research, basic knowledge of its fauna, including mammals, is still lacking. The last updated list of Paraguayan mammals was published in 2002, but increased research efforts since that time have brought about numerous changes in the taxonomy and known distribution of many species. We present an updated and annotated checklist on the mammals of Paraguay through 2016. Only species records based on the assessment of some type of verifiable voucher are included here. Because the Paraguay River has been considered a significant biogeographic boundary, the distribution of each species (east of the river, west of the river, present on both sides) is tabulated as well. We recorded 181 native species of mammals, 30 more than in 2002, belonging to 10 orders, 33 families, and 116 genera. Chiroptera (58) was the most diverse order, followed by Rodentia (56), Carnivora (20) and Didelphimorphia (18). Ctenomys pilarensis, C. paraguayensis y C. dorsalis are known only from Paraguay. The inventory is likely incomplete, as well as our knowledge of species distributional limits. Continued collecting of tissues and vouchers, as well as an examination of museum specimens, is necessary to address numerous unsolved questions concerning distribution, taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, population biology and the effects of anthropogenic modification.Paraguay, localizado en el centro sur de América del Sur, incluye dentro de sus límites algunas de las grandes ecorregiones del continente. A pesar de una larga historia de investigación mastozoológica, el conocimiento básico sobre los mamíferos de Paraguay es aún escaso. El último listado actualizado de especies se publicó en 2002; a partir de entonces se han realizado numerosos cambios taxonómicos y ajustes distribucionales. En este trabajo se presenta una lista de los mamíferos nativos de Paraguay actualizada a 2016 con base en investigación bibliográfica. Sólo se incluyeron en la lista especies nativas cuya ocurrencia en Paraguay fuese respaldada por la evaluación de algun voucher verificable. Dado que el río Paraguay se ha considerado un límite biogeográfico relevante (oriente y occidente del Paraguay), se registró la ocurrencia de las especies en cada una de estas regiones. Se contabilizaron 181 especies nativas (30 más que en 2002) pertenecientes a 10 órdenes, 33 familias y 116 géneros. Chiroptera (58) fue el orden más diverso, seguido por Rodentia (56), Carnivora (20) y Didelphimorphia (18). Ctenomys pilarensis, C. paraguayensis y C. dorsalis se conocen sólo de Paraguay. El inventario es probablemente aún incompleto, así como las distribuciones de muchas especies son todavía inciertas. Es preciso continuar con la colecta en campo de ejemplares y tejidos, así como el estudio de colecciones de museo, con el fin de abordar vacios de conocimiento sobre distribución, taxonomía, ecología, biogeografía y el ...

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On the origin of Cetartiodactyla: Comparison of data on evolutionary morphology and Molecular biology

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Differential scaling patterns of vertebrae and the evolution of neck length in mammals

Differential scaling patterns of vertebrae and the evolution of neck length in mammals

Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa

An annotated checklist of the mammals of Paraguay

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