On the origin and relations of the pulmonary macrophages

Clements, Leo P.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090780403

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Most of the recent work indicates that in the normal mammalian lung the alveoli have no continuous cellular lining but that the septa1 cells are isolated units normally present on the alveolar wall (Clements, 1940; Ham and Baldwin, 1941; Macklin, 1946; Loosli, 1948; Swigart and Kane, 1954). The embryological origin of these cells is still in dispute, but it is well recognised that they act as phagocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also believed that in many pathological conditions where the alveoli develop a lining epithelium, this arises from the septa1 cells (El Gazayerli, 1936;Geever et al, 1943;Watts and McDonald, 1948), as it also appears to do in tissue cultures of the lung (Rosin, 1947). Such a lining is apparently readily developed, though at a variable rate and in response to comparatively mild stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A concept of dust disposal in the lungs

Hulse

1955

J. Pathol.

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Newwtle-upon -Tyne(PLATES LXVII-LXX) DUST deposits in the lungs are of frequent occurrence in most localities and in many town dwellers they reach an extent which is comparable with that found in some coal miners. Inhaled dust which is not expectorated is usually believed to be transferred by way of the lymphatics t o the hilar lymph nodes. It is obvious that some of the dust reaches these nodes, but the deposits seen in the more distal parts of the lungs are often regarded as not being in lymphoid tissue and various theories, some of which will be examined later, have been propounded regarding their formation. From a study of these peripheral deposits, paying particular attention to the smaller, earlier lesions in individuals who had not been coal miners, a fresh concept of their origin has been formulated. MATEBU~SThe bulk of the material examined was from human lungs and nearly all of it was from non-miners, women predominating. The lunge were prepared for histological examination in one of three ways, the essential difference being that in the first two methods the lungs were allowed to undergo post-mortem collapse by admitting air to the pleural sacs, while in the third, this was prevented by entrapping the residual air before opening the chest.The methods of examination were :-( 1) by slicing excised lungs in the wual way a t autopsy; (2) by re-expanding the excised lung by the intrabronchial infusion of 10 per cent. formalin under low pressure and allowing the lung to fix before it waa sliced ; (3) by clamping the trachea with a pair of curved forceps before opening the pleural sacs and then, after removing the viscera, clamping a bronchus and immersing the lung intact in 10 per cent. formalin and slicing after three weeks' fixation.An experimental investigation waa also carried out on rats by the intratracheal injection, under ether anaesthesia, of a suspension of finely divided carbon in water (Carbochrome ink-Gurr).A single injection W&B given by the method of Magarey (1951), volumes of about 0.2 ml. being used. AB the rats used were of a small breed, this volume of material cawed considerable respiratory embarrassment and artificial respiration had to be resorted to quite frequently. In some w e a the rats died during the experiment. Those that survived were killed a t intervals ranging from one day to ten months, method 3 (above) being used in the preparation of the lungs.Berkshire. * Present addreaa: Radiobiological Research Unit, A.E.R.E., Hamell, Didcot, J. PATH. RACF.-VOL. LXIX (lQ55) 225 P

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A concept of dust disposal in the lungs

Hulse

1955

J. Pathol.

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“…In environments where sunlight is low, decreased yields of sugar resulted if the N applications were too high (see Borden 1940Borden , 1944. The work of Clements (1940), Clements and Moriguchi ( 1942), and Clements and Kubota (1943) with sugar cane showed that, in locations where soil moisture and soil nutrients were essentially the same, the marked difference in yields of sugar is correlated with differences in sunlight. It would thus appear from numerous reports (see Nightingale 1948) that variants such as soil nitrogen (N), sunlight (L), and temperature (T) (see also Foster and Tatman 1938;Went 1944Went , 1945Gregory and Sen 1937;Nightingale 1942) exert a powerful influence on metabolic processes in plants and that unfavourable combinations of these variants (N-L-T) may be detrimental to the production of a crop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Investigation of "Trashy" Leaf Phenomenon in Australian-Grown Flue-Cured Tobacco

Johanson¹

1951

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryCarbohydrates and nitrogen distribution in flue-cured tobacco leaves described as "trashy" were determined. Sugars in "trashy" leaf were as low as 3 per cent. and in "good" leaf as high as 28 per cent. "Trashy" leaf, relatively to normal leaf, had large total N, protein N, and ammonia N contents and low amide N values, while its weight per unit area was about 30 to 50 per cent. less than that of "good" leaf. Uncured "affected" ,leaf also had low sugar and high N values and low weight per unit area.It is believed that trashiness is due to processes associated with carbohydrate impoverishment in leaves on the plant and· that its development is conditioned by constraints such as soil nitrogen (N), temperature (T), and sunlight (L). It is suggested that effects of the N-L-T constraints on compounds available to the plant for degradation as "foods," can be expressed in simplified form as ~ R ex: NT, where ~ R is the total energy "spent" irreversibly (i.e. become nonavailable for various liying processes) by the plant in unit time.. If ~ E is the total available energy from all sources during the same time, then for certain values of ~'E -~ R "sugars" will dEicrease with corresponding approach to tpe state ot exhaustion of other compounds and onset of trashiness.Inagticultural practice it is suggested that, when considering measures for control of trashiness, attention should be' given to plant spacing, nitrogen supply, number of :hours of sunshine, and night temperatures:

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“…2.1. Regiões do colmo, tamanho dos toletes e posição das gemasCLEMENTS (1940), estudou o comportamento de toletes de uma gema provenientes de colmos inteiros e verificou que a germinação de-tro lado os brotos das gemas colocadas para baixo são mais fortes que as de cima. Quando se usam toletes de duas gemas e a mais jo vem e colocada para cima, a germinação da segunda ê afetada, tanto P!…”

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Influência do intervalo entre colheita e plantio na germinação da cana-de-açúcar (>i<Saccharum spp>/i<)

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On the origin and relations of the pulmonary macrophages

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

A concept of dust disposal in the lungs

A concept of dust disposal in the lungs

Chemical Investigation of "Trashy" Leaf Phenomenon in Australian-Grown Flue-Cured Tobacco

Influência do intervalo entre colheita e plantio na germinação da cana-de-açúcar (>i<Saccharum spp>/i<)

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