On the Occurrence of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (MAKIYAMA) from Kamibessho, Sakura-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Central Japan

Abstract

Norihisa INUZUKA2), Katsutomo MANO3) and Masae OMORI3) In 1973, fossil elephant bones were yielded from the sandy formation, at Kamibessho, Sakura-shi, Chiba Prefecture, Kwanto Regeon of Central Japan. The formation, belonging to the lower part of Narita Formation also yielded many other molluscan fossils characterized by Glycymeris yessoensis, Diplodonta usta etc. The molluscan assemblage is closely related to that of Kamiiwahashi fossil beds of Narita Formation in other area except for a few remarkable characteristics, that is; containing less number of the genera than the other Kamiiwahashi beds and being found in thin fossil beds. The fossil materials of the elephant include a lower jaw with the left second molar in situ, and a right tusk separated into three pieces. The mandible is rather large as P. naumanni of M2 stage and the shape of it generally resembles to the holotype of P. naumanni. The features observed on the grinded tooth indicate that the materials belong to the molar of P. naumanni, which is steno-crown type with distinct loxodont plica. The incisor is more thick and stout, suggesting that it belongs to male individual.

Thermodynamics and phase stability in the Si–O system

“…Reviewing the extensive literature in Appendix A, only very few works mention the existence of a crystalline compound ÔSiO(cr)' [108][109][110][111][112][113]. The works of [108,109] are discussed in [111] with the conclusion that the examined samples consisted of a stoichiometric mixture of crystalline Si + SiO 2 .…”

“…The works of [108,109] are discussed in [111] with the conclusion that the examined samples consisted of a stoichiometric mixture of crystalline Si + SiO 2 . The statement of [111], that crystalline SiO with a clearly defined dendritic structure is formed in a plasma reactor has not been supported by any other work.…”

“…Not specified Indecisive 1940 [108] Vacuum furnace XRD Compound (crystalline) 1940 [191] Vacuum furnace Not specified Different products: compound and mixture 1941 [192] Commercial (?) XRD Mixture, not crystalline, maybe stable at higher temperatures 1942 [193] * Electric furnace, acid slag Chemical analysis, XRD Compound 1942 [194] * SiO dissolved in steel Slag reactions Compound 1947 [195] * SiO in production of Fe x Si y in electric furnace…”