On the occurrence of Cebus flavius (Schreber 1774) in the Caatinga, and the use of semi-arid environments by Cebus species in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte

Ferreira, Renata G.; Jerusalinsky, Leandro; Silva, Thiago César Farias; Fialho, Marcos de Souza; Roque, Alan de Araújo; Fernandes, Adalberto Campos; Arruda, Fátima

doi:10.1007/s10329-009-0156-z

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The division between the gracile (untufted) and robust (tufted) groups of capuchin monkeys has been known for over a century (see Elliot 1913, Hershkovitz 1949, 1955), and the names Cebus and Sapajus have been applied to them at the subgenus-level, respectively (e.g., Silva-Junior 2001, Ferreira et al 2009, Casado et al 2010). Lynch-Alfaro et al (2012a) recommended elevating Sapajus to the genus-level based on their estimated age for the split between the gracile and robust lineages of Cebus (95% highest posterior density = 4.21–7.86 Ma).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga

Gutiérrez¹,

Marinho‐Filho²

2017

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Citation: Gutiérrez EE, Marinho-Filho J (2017) The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. ZooKeys 644: 105-157. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.644.10827 AbstractWe undertook a comprehensive, critical review of literature concerning the distribution, conservation status, and taxonomy of species of mammals endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga, the two largest biomes of the South American Dry-Diagonal. We present species accounts and lists of species, which we built with criteria that, in our opinion, yielded results with increased scientific rigor relative to previously published lists -e.g., excluding nominal taxa whose statuses as species have been claimed only on the basis of unpublished data, incomplete taxonomic work, or weak evidence. For various taxa, we provided arguments regarding species distributions, conservation and taxonomic statuses previously lacking in the literature. Two major findings are worth highlighting. First, we unveil the existence of a group of species endemic to both the Cerrado and the Caatinga (i.e., present in both biomes and absent in all other biomes). From the biogeographic point of view, this group, herein referred to as Caatinga-Cerrado endemics, deserves attention as a unit -just as in case of the Caatinga-only and the Cerrado-only endemics. We present preliminary hypotheses on the origin of these three endemic faunas (Cerrado-only, Caatingaonly, and Caatinga-Cerrado endemics). Secondly, we discovered that a substantial portion of the endemic mammalian faunas of the Caatinga and the Cerrado faces risks of extinction that are unrecognized in the highly influential Red List of Threatened Species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). "Data deficient" is a category that misrepresents the real risks of extinction of these species considering that (a) some of these species are known only from a handful of specimens collected in a single or a few localities long ago; (b) the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been sufficiently sampled to guarantee collection of additional specimens of these species if they were abundant; (c) natural habitats RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A peer-reviewed open-access journalEliécer E. Gutiérrez & Jader Marinho-Filho / ZooKeys 644: 105-157 (2017) 106 of the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been substantially altered or lost in recent decades. Failures either in the design of the IUCN criteria or in their application to assign categories of extinction risks represent an additional important threat to these endemic faunas because their real risks of extinctions become hidden. It is imperative to correct this situation, particularly considering that these species are associated to habitats that are experiencing fast transformation into areas for agriculture, at an unbearable cost for biodiversity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga

Gutiérrez¹,

Marinho‐Filho²

2017

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“…1 ) was first described systematically in a semifree-ranging group at Tietê Ecological Park (hereafter TEP) in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Ottoni and Mannu 2001)-the same capuchin group here studied. This behavior is now known to occur in many wild populations of Sapajus libidinosus (Fragaszy et al 2004a; Moura and Lee 2005;Ferreira et al 2010) as well as in at least some groups of S. xanthosternos (Canale et al 2009) and S. flavius (Ferreira et al 2009) that inhabit the Brazilian savannah (the cerrado and caatinga), but is absent in forest populations of other species of tufted capuchin monkeys (Ottoni and Izar 2008). Ottoni et al (2005) studied the observational learning of nut-cracking in the capuchins at TEP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Social learning strategies for nut-cracking by tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

et al. 2015

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The spontaneous use of stone tools for cracking nuts by tufted capuchin monkeys, now known to be habitual among wild populations in savanna environments, was first described in a semifree group living in the Tietê Ecological Park (SP, Brazil). Nut-cracking at TEP was first observed by our team in 1995 (Ottoni and Mannu in Int J Primatol 22(3):347-358, 2001), and its ontogeny and associated social dynamics, with inexperienced observers highly interested in the activities of proficient individuals, greatly tolerant to scrounging, support hypotheses about social biases on tool-use learning. Here we further analyze the social learning biases, better characterizing: the social context of nut-cracking in which observation by conspecifics occurs, the quality of the nut-cracking behavior itself and whether scrounging may be the motivation behind this behavior. We confirm that the choice of observational targets is an active one; monkeys do not simply observe those who they are socially close to. We investigate social learning strategies, describing how young capuchins choose to observe older, more proficient and dominant individuals during nut-cracking bouts. Monkeys with higher productivity rates were also more frequently targeted by observers, who were tolerated scroungers, further supporting the scrounging hypothesis. Finally, based on changes of the demographic patterns of tool use and observation, we set to retrace data from 14 years of continuous studies. We argue that we have followed the dissemination of the behavior (Transmission Phase) almost from its beginning, when juveniles were the most frequent nutcrackers, to a more common pattern where adults are the most active tool users (Tradition Phase).

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“…Stone tool use has been observed in the wild in all well-studied robust capuchin species including black-striped capuchins, Sapajus libidinosus [17–19]; yellow-breasted capuchins, S. xanthosternos [20]; blonde capuchins, S. flavius [21]; black-horned capuchins, S. nigritus [22]; and black-capped capuchins, S. apella [23] (based off taxonomic reclassifications [16,24] and reviews by Ottoni & Izar [25] and Garber et al . [26]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual stone-tool-aided extractive foraging in white-faced capuchins,Cebus capucinus

et al. 2018

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Habitual reliance on tool use is a marked behavioural difference between wild robust (genus Sapajus) and gracile (genus Cebus) capuchin monkeys. Despite being well studied and having a rich repertoire of social and extractive foraging traditions, Cebus sp. rarely use tools and have never been observed using stone tools. By contrast, habitual tool use by Sapajus is widespread. We review theory and discuss factors which might explain these differences in patterns of tool use between Cebus and Sapajus. We then report the first case of habitual stone tool use in a gracile capuchin: a population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) in Coiba National Park, Panama who habitually rely on hammerstone and anvil tool use to access structurally protected food items in coastal areas including Terminalia catappa seeds, hermit crabs, marine snails, terrestrial crabs and other items. This behaviour has persisted on one island in Coiba National Park since at least 2004. From 1 year of camera trapping, we found that stone tool use is strongly male-biased. Of the 205 camera trap days where tool use was recorded, adult females were never observed to use stone tools, although they were frequently recorded at the sites and engaged in scrounging behaviour. Stone tool use occurs year-round in this population; over half of all identifiable individuals were observed participating. At the most active tool use site, 83.2% of days where capuchins were sighted corresponded with tool use. Capuchins inhabiting the Coiba archipelago are highly terrestrial, under decreased predation pressure and potentially experience resource limitation compared to mainland populations—three conditions considered important for the evolution of stone tool use. White-faced capuchin tool use in Coiba National Park thus offers unique opportunities to explore the ecological drivers and evolutionary underpinnings of stone tool use in a comparative within- and between-species context.

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On the occurrence of Cebus flavius (Schreber 1774) in the Caatinga, and the use of semi-arid environments by Cebus species in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga

The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga

Social learning strategies for nut-cracking by tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Habitual stone-tool-aided extractive foraging in white-faced capuchins,Cebus capucinus

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