On the Nature of Images

Abstract

Introductory: Retention or revival a n ultimate fact for psychology. 1917possibility of presentations persisting in a region of sub-consciousiaess I. Imagination continuous with perception. Nature of Perception. What it i s that i s revived or reproduced. I?$uence of revival in the jield of perception (pp. 124-131). 11. Transition from Perception to Imagination. Ambiguity of the terw 'image.' 'Images' in the strict sense. Instances of the presence of n nucleusof perceived fact in' images'that appear as objective (pp. 131-139). 111. Imagery in Dreams. Evidence of the presence of a nucleus of perceived fact as the basis of dream-imagery. The effect of attention upon ou 'image' (pp. 139-144). IV. The Problem as to how subjective factors can affect the churacter of tlie content apprelmukd. What occurs in Einfuhluq analogous to what occurs in imaging. Subjective factors d o not necessarily vitiate the act of perception (pp . 145 -1 48).(pp. 121-124). 68-69 and pp. 402-423 (especially pp. 412-413).Hume's hypothetical case of a possible exception to this rule (in the first section of Book I of the Treutise) is, as he says, "so singular, that 'tis scarce worth onr observing, and does not merit that for it alone we should alter oiir general maxim."Miinsterberg, Crundmige der Psychologie, p. 341. One can hardly help surmising that Bergson, in some of the arguments of Matidre et Me'moire, must have been consideraldy influenced by Taine.

The hypnagogic state: A critical review of the literature.

“…Thus, the results indicate both difference and overlap in the composite regressivity dimension of the three types of mentation. 3 The qualitative resemblance between hypnagogic and dream imagery led a number of the early writers (Hicks, 1924;Ladd, 1892;Leroy, 1926;Maury, 1848; Muller, 1848) to a conclusion similar to the one reached by Ellis (1911): "Hypnagogic imagery presents us with the germinal stuff of dreams. If it is not identical with the fully formed dream, it is still the early stage of dreaming" (p. 32).…”

“…Most writers in the hypnagogic literature have made at least cursory reference to the role of entoptic phenomena in hypnagogic matters. A number of the early writers (Gruithusien, cited in Leaning, 1926;Hicks, 1924;Maury, 1848;Miiller, 1848;Purkinjie, cited in Leaning, 1926) considered entoptic phenomena to be of paramount importance in the genesis of hypnagogic images. Ladd (1892) and McKellar and Simpson (1954) offered the most developed form of this argument.…”

Kinaesthesia and a Feeling for Relations

“…Under the influence of behaviorist ideals, which disparaged references to imagery, effort, and will, and more specifically because of the difficulty, and perhaps impossibility, of controlling for sensed movement as an experimental variable, in the 20th-century experimental work on the sense of movement seemed unpromising. As a British psychologist, writing in the 1920s, stated, “every mode of sense-perception has a tendency, more or less marked, to give rise to kinaesthetic imagery; and, in the revival of such sensory experience, kinaesthetic imagery will be naturally involved” (Hicks, 1924, p. 135). Jeannerod much more recently argued that “there are no reliable methods for suppressing kinaesthetic information arriving during the execution of a movement,” compounding the difficulties of the experimental study of motor cognition (Jeannerod, 2006, pp.…”

Las imágenes en el pensamiento: algunas observaciones y comentarios críticos

“…Este problema definitivamente no es nuevo y existen al respecto diversos tratados publicados desde hace por lo menos 90 años intentando clarificarlo. Por ejemplo, el filósofo inglés G. Dawes Hicks (1924), al tratar de dilucidar la naturaleza de las llamadas imágenes -lo que consideraba un problema de importancia fundamental para la psicología-, concluye lo siguiente:…”