On the natural variety of mankind.

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich; Bendyshe, Thomas

doi:10.1037/13883-003

Cited by 39 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Among others, Johann F. Blumenbach (1865), who is often referred to as the Father of Anthropology, is probably most influential with his classification of human beings into five categories in the 1795 version of his thesis, but was followed by numerous scientists engaged in the classification of humans. The introduction of European theories of race in the name of science around the mid19th century had enormous impact almost everywhere in the world.…”

Section: Race In the Upper-case Sensementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samuel George Morton, known for the collection and measurement of skulls in the mid-19th century, disseminated the idea of Blumenbach's five-fold classification (Blumenbach 1865(Blumenbach [1775) in America with his first book, Crania Americana (Morton 1839). Morton described the characteristics of each category based on Blumenbach's five-fold classification, and inserted the following note: "It will be observed, however, that the word race is substituted for variety" (ibid 1839: 5, emphasis original).…”

Section: Race In the Upper-case Sensementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnicity as a Political Resource : Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods

2015

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Section: Race In the Upper-case Sensementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Race In the Upper-case Sensementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity as a Political Resource : Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods

2015

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“…Homo sapiens, he said, had originated in the Caucasus and human difference was the result of degeneration from the original human type-the Caucasian. The further away from the Caucuses a people ended up settling the greater their degeneration and hence their difference from the original Caucasians (Blumenbach 1865).…”

Section: Eighteenth-century Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jewish Genetic Origins in the Context of Past Historical and Anthropological Inquiries

Efron

2013

Human Biology

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“…This position is perhaps best illustrated through the work of Leonardo da Vinci (and many of his contemporaries) and is most evident in his Vitruvian man whose proportions are painstakingly measured out. However well intentioned, it is but a short step from Vitruvious to the head measurements associated with scientific racism (Blumenbach, 1865(Blumenbach, (1969 ;Ripley, 1897;Goldberg, 1993). Thus early theorizations of beauty have been used to exclude many people from white Western standards of beauty.…”

Section: A Beautiful Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aesthetic surgery as false beauty

Holliday

Taylor

2006

Feminist Theory

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This article identifies a prevalent strand of feminist writing on beauty and aesthetic surgery and explores some of the contradictions and inconsistencies inscribed within it. In particular, we concentrate on three central feminist claims: that living in a misogynist culture produces aesthetic surgery as an issue predominantly concerning women; that pain -both physical and psychic -is a central conceptual frame through which aesthetic surgery should be viewed; and that aesthetic surgery is inherently a normalizing technology. Engaging with these 'myths', we explore the tensions uncovered through a historical analysis of the practices of aesthetic surgery as well as the challenges to feminist claims offered by post-feminism. In particular we seek to destabilize the connection in feminist writing between beauty and passivity. We argue that through aesthetic references to denigrated black and working-class bodies, young women may mobilize aesthetic surgeries to reinscribe active sexuality on the feminine body.keywords aesthetic surgery, beauty, body, class, race In this article we aim to disrupt some of the usual ways in which feminists have come to think about the female (and male) body, in order to find a space between the prevalent discourses for some alternative explanations. Our principal aim is to explore some of the diverse reasons why women (and men) may engage in aesthetic surgery, 1 without relying on the beauty myth as a determining argument. Instead we focus on seekers of aesthetic surgery as either consumers (exercising choice within a given set of constraints) or as reflexively engaged in a project of the self (within a limited range of possible selves). We aim to widen understandings of aesthetic bodily practices to extend beyond gender and/or 'race' in any conventional sense. Furthermore, we aim to decouple the link between beauty and passivity, or at least to decentre it, by positing alternative correlations such as the link between glamour and active sexuality. In doing this we will also uncover some of the ways in which feminist discourses of beauty are inherently classed and 'raced'. However, moving away from a singular explanation -beauty, normalization, internalized racism, for instance -inevitably complicates our argument. In the following sections

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On the natural variety of mankind.

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnicity as a Political Resource : Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods

Ethnicity as a Political Resource : Conceptualizations across Disciplines, Regions, and Periods

Jewish Genetic Origins in the Context of Past Historical and Anthropological Inquiries

Aesthetic surgery as false beauty

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