On the Multi-Language Construction

Buro, Samuele; Mastroeni, Isabella

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17184-1_11

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…[29] defines the first semantics of multilanguage systems, using the notion of boundaries to model conversion between languages. Buro and Mastroeni [7] generalize this construction using an algebraic framework. We use a similar notion of boundary in our concrete semantics.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Multilanguage Static Analysis of Python Programs with Native C Extensions

Monat

Ouadjaout

Miné

2021

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Modern programs are increasingly multilanguage, to benefit from each programming language's advantages and to reuse libraries. For example, developers may want to combine high-level Python code with low-level, performance-oriented C code. In fact, one in five of the 200 most downloaded Python libraries available on GitHub contains C code. Static analyzers tend to focus on a single language and may use stubs to model the behavior of foreign function calls. However, stubs are costly to implement and undermine the soundness of analyzers. In this work, we design a static analyzer by abstract interpretation that can handle Python programs calling C extensions. It analyses directly and fully automatically both the Python and the C source codes. It reports runtime errors that may happen in Python, in C, and at the interface. We implemented our analysis in a modular fashion: it reuses off-the-shelf C and Python analyses written in the same analyzer. This approach allows sharing between abstract domains of different languages. Our analyzer can tackle tests of real-world libraries a few thousand lines of C and Python long in a few minutes.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Multilanguage Static Analysis of Python Programs with Native C Extensions

Monat

Ouadjaout

Miné

2021

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…They focused on a static language interacting with a dynamic one, but similar techniques have been applied widely (e.g., object-oriented [20,21], affine and unrestricted [48], simple and dependently typed [40], functional language and assembly [41], linear and unrestricted [43]) and used to prove compiler properties (e.g., correctness [42], full abstraction [2,36]). More recently, there has been an effort understand this construction from a denotational [15] and categorical [14] perspective. Barrett et al [6] take a slightly different path, directly mixing languages (PHP and Python) and allowing bindings from one to be used in the other, though to similar ends.…”

Section: Related Work and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Soundness for Language Interoperability

Patterson¹,

Noble²,

Wagner³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Programs are rarely implemented in a single language, and thus questions of type soundness should address not only the semantics of a single language, but how it interacts with others. Even between type-safe languages, disparate features can frustrate interoperability, as invariants from one language can easily be violated in the other. In their seminal 2007 paper, Matthews and Findler [32] proposed a multilanguage construction that augments the interoperating languages with a pair of boundaries that allow code from one language to be embedded in the other. While this technique has been widely applied, their syntactic source-level interoperability doesn't reflect practical implementations, where the behavior of interaction is only defined after compilation to a common target, and any safety must be ensured by target invariants or inserted target-level "glue code. "In this paper, we present a novel framework for the design and verification of sound language interoperability that follows an interoperation-after-compilation strategy. Language designers specify what data can be converted between types of the two languages via a convertibility relation ∼ (" is convertible to ") and specify target-level glue code implementing the conversions. Then, by giving a semantic model of source-language types as sets of target-language terms, we can establish not only the meaning of our source types, but also soundness of conversions: i.e., whenever ∼ , the corresponding pair of conversions (glue code) convert target terms that behave like to target terms that behave like , and vice versa. With this, we can prove semantic type soundness for the entire system. We illustrate our framework via a series of case studies that demonstrate how our semantic interoperation-after-compilation approach allows us both to account for complex differences in language semantics and make efficiency trade-offs based on particularities of compilers or targets.

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“…The multi-language framework of [7] provides a theoretical model to formalise cross-language interoperability from an abstract standpoint. Multi-languages arise from the combination of already existing languages [9,36,1,16,23,35,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has broad scope and wide applicability. Our aim is to retain such broad scope, but to work with multi-language programs: Instead of fixing two programming languages and combining their respective analyses, we model abstract interpetation itself, within the algebraic framework of multi-language semantics [7]. Such an approach allows us to lay down the first steps of a general technique for designing static analyses of multi-language programs, in a way that (1) is independent of both underlying languages and analyses and (2) preserves the design and properties of the single-language abstract semantics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our main contribution is a general technique for abstracting multi-language semantics given the interoperation of the underlying languages and of their abstract semantics. We exploit abstract interpretation theory [12] for retaining independency from the underlying analyses, and the algebraic framework of multi-languages [7] for generality of the blended languages. In Sect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Multi-language Abstraction

2020

Self Cite

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Modern software development rarely takes place within a single programming language. Often, programmers appeal to cross-language interoperability. Examples are exploitation of novel features of one language within another, and cross-language code reuse. Previous works developed a theory of so-called multi-languages, which arise by combining existing languages, defining a precise notion of (algebraic) multi-language semantics. As regards static analysis, the heterogeneity of the multilanguage context opens up new and unexplored scenarios. In this paper, we provide a general theory for the combination of abstract interpretations of existing languages, regardless of their inherent nature, in order to gain an abstract semantics of multi-language programs. As a part of this general theory, we show that formal properties of interest of multilanguage abstractions (e.g., soundness and completeness) boil down to the features of the interoperability mechanism that binds the underlying languages together. We extend many of the standard concepts of abstract interpretation to the framework of multi-languages.

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On the Multi-Language Construction

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

A Multilanguage Static Analysis of Python Programs with Native C Extensions

A Multilanguage Static Analysis of Python Programs with Native C Extensions

Semantic Soundness for Language Interoperability

On Multi-language Abstraction

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