On the Morphology and Composition of Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment

Zeb, Bahadar; Alam, Khan; Sorooshian, Armin; Blaschke, Thomas; Ahmad, Iftikhar; Shahid, Imran

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2017.09.0340

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…The findings were inconsistent in different studies. The discrepancy might be caused by different pollutant compositions in different seasons or different sources of pollutants in different cities [16,44]. In our study, a higher OR was found during the warm season, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (interaction p = 0.30).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Events: Are There Potentially Susceptible Groups?

Pan

Cheung

Chen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Air pollution exposure is associated with greater risk for cardiovascular events. This study aims to examine the effects of increased exposure to short-term air pollutants on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and determine the susceptible groups. Methods: Data on particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 and other air pollutants, measured at each of the 11 air-quality monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City, were collected between 2011 and 2016. The medical records of non-trauma adult (>17 years) patients who had visited the emergency department (ED) with a typical electrocardiogram change of STEMI were extracted. A time-stratified and case-crossover study design was used to examine the relationship between air pollutants and daily ED visits for STEMI. Results: An interquartile range increment in PM2.5 on lag 0 was associated with an increment of 25.5% (95% confidence interval, 2.6%–53.4%) in the risk of STEMI ED visits. Men and persons with ≥3 risk factors (male sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoker, dyslipidemia, history of myocardial infarction, and high body mass index) for myocardial infarction (MI) were more sensitive to the hazardous effects of PM2.5 (interaction: p = 0.039 and p = 0.018, respectively). The associations between PM10, NO2, and O3 and STEMI did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusion: PM2.5 may play an important role in STEMI events on the day of exposure in Kaohsiung. Men and persons with ≥3 risk factors of MI are more susceptible to the adverse effects of PM2.5 on STEMI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Events: Are There Potentially Susceptible Groups?

Pan

Cheung

Chen

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Characterization of PM 10 is of significant importance as it classifies the air pollutant into active and hazardous as well as non-active and unharmful particles. Many studies support the notion of PM characterization through SEM-EDS analysis and has reported different morphological shapes and chemical composition of PM, that cause severe lung diseases and illness ( Anake et al., 2016 ; Bahadar Zeb et al., 2018 ; Galvez et al., 2013 ; Genga et al., 2013 ; Grassi et al., 2004 ; Labrada-Delgado et al., 2012 ; Ličbinský et al., 2010 ; Ramirez-Leal et al., 2009 ; Ramirez-Leal et al., 2014 ; Tuvjargal et al., 2019 ). Then, we demonstrated the effectiveness of PM 10 exposure on A549 cells, by testing its inflammatory property within the cells, as it was previously reported that PM causes dysregulated inflammation in lungs to cause severe damage and toxicity ( Cevallos et al., 2017 ; de Barros Mendes Lopes et al., 2018 ; Horne et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses

Mishra

Krishnamoorthy

Gangamma

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollution

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Sensing of pathogens by specialized receptors is the hallmark of the innate immunity. Innate immune response also mounts a defense response against various allergens and pollutants including particulate matter present in the atmosphere. Air pollution has been included as the top threat to global health declared by WHO which aims to cover more than three billion people against health emergencies from 2019 to 2023. Particulate matter (PM), one of the major components of air pollution, is a significant risk factor for many human diseases and its adverse effects include morbidity and premature deaths throughout the world. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have identified a key link between the PM existence and the prevalence of respiratory and inflammatory disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the influence of air pollutant, PM 10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) during RNA virus infections using Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) – H5N1 virus. We thus characterized the transcriptomic profile of lung epithelial cell line, A549 treated with PM 10 prior to H5N1infection, which is known to cause severe lung damage and respiratory disease. We found that PM 10 enhances vulnerability (by cellular damage) and regulates virus infectivity to enhance overall pathogenic burden in the lung cells. Additionally, the transcriptomic profile highlights the connection of host factors related to various metabolic pathways and immune responses which were dysregulated during virus infection. Collectively, our findings suggest a strong link between the prevalence of respiratory illness and its association with the air quality.

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“…The present study revealed that ORs for NO 2 were higher during the warm days ( p = 0.011). One possible reason for this result is that variable concentrations of air pollutants and each PM component may relate to seasonal differences in human health [40, 41]. Seasonal variations may also result from different patterns of exposure to air pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2019

Environ Health

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Background Pneumonia, the leading reason underlying childhood deaths, may be triggered or exacerbated by air pollution. To date, only a few studies have examined the association of air pollution with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric pneumonia, with inconsistent results. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the impact of short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and other air pollutants on the incidence of ED visits for pediatric pneumonia. Methods PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and other air pollutant levels were measured at 11 air quality-monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, between 2008 and 2014. Further, we extracted the medical records of non-trauma patients aged ≤17 years and who had visited an ED with the principal diagnosis of pneumonia. A time-stratified case–crossover study design was employed to determine the hazard effect of air pollution in a total of 4024 patients. Results The single-pollutant model suggested that per interquartile range increment in PM 2.5 , PM 10 , nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) on 3 days before the event increased the odds of pediatric pneumonia by 14.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.1–23.8%], 10.9% (95% CI, 2.4–20.0%), 14.1% (95% CI, 5.0–24.1%), and 4.5% (95% CI, 0.8–8.4%), respectively. In two-pollutant models, PM 2.5 and NO 2 were significant after adjusting for PM 10 and SO 2 . Subgroup analyses showed that older children (aged ≥4 years) were more susceptible to PM 2.5 (interaction p = 0.024) and children were more susceptible to NO 2 during warm days (≥26.5 °C, interaction p = 0.011). Conclusions Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and NO 2 possibly plays an important role in pediatric pneumonia in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Older children are more susceptible to PM 2.5 , and all children are more susceptible to NO 2 during warm days.

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On the Morphology and Composition of Particulate Matter in an Urban Environment

Cited by 86 publications

References 76 publications

Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Events: Are There Potentially Susceptible Groups?

Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Events: Are There Potentially Susceptible Groups?

Particulate matter (PM10) enhances RNA virus infection through modulation of innate immune responses

Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area

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