On the Morality of Artificial Intelligence [Commentary]

Luccioni, Alexandra; Bengio, Yoshua

doi:10.1109/mts.2020.2967486

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the early days of machine learning (ML), researchers could focus on the fundamental aspects of their work without much concern for social or ethical consequences since these systems were relatively encapsulated within the confines of the research lab. However, Luccioni and Bengio (2019) highlight that these algorithms are increasingly being deployed in society. This is due, in part, to the promise of the unprecedented economic impacts of ML applications (Bughin et al, 2019;Szczepański, 2019;Russell, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral dilemmas for moral machines

LaCroix

2022

AI Ethics

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Autonomous systems are being developed and deployed in situations that may require some degree of ethical decision-making ability. As a result, research in machine ethics has proliferated in recent years. This work has included using moral dilemmas as validation mechanisms for implementing decision-making algorithms in ethically-loaded situations. Using trolley-style problems in the context of autonomous vehicles as a case study, I argue (1) that this is a misapplication of philosophical thought experiments because (2) it fails to appreciate the purpose of moral dilemmas, and (3) this has potentially catastrophic consequences; however, (4) there are uses of moral dilemmas in machine ethics that are appropriate and the novel situations that arise in a machine-learning context can shed some light on philosophical work in ethics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral dilemmas for moral machines

LaCroix

2022

AI Ethics

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“…However, as the action space increases, the set of possible failure modes increases exponentially. Further, the economic promise of AI implies that these systems are increasingly being deployed in society rather than being rigorously tested in the confines of a research lab, thus increasing the risk of harm (LaCroix and Bengio, 2019;Luccioni and Bengio, 2020).…”

Section: Moral Benchmarks For Ai Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metaethical Perspectives on 'Benchmarking' AI Ethics

LaCroix¹,

Luccioni²

2022

Preprint

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Benchmarks are seen as the cornerstone for measuring technical progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and have been developed for a variety of tasks ranging from question answering to facial recognition. An increasingly prominent research area in AI is ethics, which currently has no set of benchmarks nor commonly accepted way for measuring the 'ethicality' of an AI system. In this paper, drawing upon research in moral philosophy and metaethics, we argue that it is impossible to develop such a benchmark. As such, alternative mechanisms are necessary for evaluating whether an AI system is 'ethical'. This is especially pressing in light of the prevalence of applied, industrial AI research. We argue that it makes more sense to talk about 'values' (and 'value alignment') rather than 'ethics' when considering the possible actions of present and future AI systems. We further highlight that, because values are unambiguously relative, focusing on values forces us to consider explicitly what the values are and whose values they are. Shifting the emphasis from ethics to values therefore gives rise to several new ways of understanding how researchers might advance research programmes for robustly safe or beneficial AI. We conclude by highlighting a number of possible ways forward for the field as a whole, and we advocate for different approaches towards more value-aligned AI research.

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“…This harks back to Tim Berners-Lee's initiative in linking data to give people far more control and ownership over their own data. I have seen mention of a kind of Hippocratic Oath for ICT practitioners and also a very interesting article by Luccioni and Bengio (a winner of the ACM Turing Award), on making moral choices about the use of deep learning and applications of artificial intelligence [4].…”

Section: Ieee Technology and Society Magazinementioning

confidence: 99%

Some Ethical, Legal, and Social Dimensions of Pandemic Response Technology

Wen

Taddeo

Pitt

2021

IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag.

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The test and trace systems in operation in many countries are a key strategy to lower the reproduction rate and control the virus, with technology enabling measures such as tracing of close contacts, notifying local alerts, and venue check-ins using QR codes. From your technological expertise, how do you see these systems working, and do you see any alternatives which should be explored?Mariarosaria Taddeo (MT): In my work, I'm most concerned with the ethical and social implications of these kinds of technological interventions. When the first app was about to be released, the Digital Ethics Lab (in which I serve as Deputy Director) focused on what are the requirements that these kinds of apps need to respect to ensure that they will be ethically sound. For these apps, being ethically sound is important because, as we saw with the failure of the first app if citizens do not deem the app ethical, they do not trust it and do not adopt it. In this case, the efforts, funds, and time invested in developing the app will turn into missed opportunities; in turn, this will hinder government reputation. So, ensuring that these apps respect fundamental values and rights (i.e., are ethically sound) is vital.

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On the Morality of Artificial Intelligence [Commentary]

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Moral dilemmas for moral machines

Moral dilemmas for moral machines

Metaethical Perspectives on 'Benchmarking' AI Ethics

Some Ethical, Legal, and Social Dimensions of Pandemic Response Technology

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