“…This is because reverse logistics considers logistics, warehousing, repairs, recycling, call centre support, reverse fulfillment, field service, etc, and could be as complex as forward logistics. Therefore, Chen et al (2007) consider four aspects to obtain this equilibrium: the right assignment of recyclable traffic; to consider the difference between the market demand function model in terms of the price formulation model, and the conventional network assignment model in terms of the quantity formulation model; to incorporate conversion factors of the solid waste input into output ratios; the landfill interest, all landfills should be represented as a single node with zero-valued conversion, and this factor should be linked to the demand market. Moreover, Lieckens and Vandaele (2007), Srivastava (2007) and Ko and Evans (2007) believe that an efficient recovery logistics product design must consider the location and the capacities of the facilities, as well as flow products.…”