On the metallurgical joining mechanism during ultrasonic spot welding of NiTi using a Cu interlayer

Zhang, Wei; Ao, Sansan; Oliveira, J.P.; Li, Chunjie; Zeng, Zhi; Wang, Anqi; Luo, Zhen

doi:10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.12.012

Cited by 78 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result suggests that failure occurs in the diffusion layer. In all AZ31/AA1050/AA2519 mini-samples independently on the state of the material, the failure occurs on the AZ31/AA1050 interface, which indicates on lower strength properties of AZ31/AA1050 than AA1050/AA2519 independently on the presence of thick or thin intermetallic phase layer [28]. The Al/Ti fracture surfaces of samples EXW (Figure 9A) 400C (Figure 9B) are presented below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Post-Weld Hot-Rolling on the Properties of Explosively Welded Mg/Al/Ti Multilayer Composite

et al. 2020

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The paper describes an investigation of an explosively welded Mg/Al/Ti multilayer composite. Following the welding, the composite was subjected to hot-rolling in three different temperatures: 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C, with a total relative strain of 30%. The rolling speed was 0.2 m/s. The investigation of the composite properties involves microhardness analysis and mini-specimen tensile tests of the joints. The composite Mg/Al and Al/Ti bonds in the as-welded state and after rolling in 400 °C were subjected to microstructure analysis using scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the Al/Ti interface, the presence of melted zones with localized intermetallic precipitates has been reported in the as-welded state, and it has been stated that hot-rolling results in precipitation of intermetallic particles from the melted zone. The application of the hot-rolling process causes the formation of a continuous layer in the Mg/Al joint, consisting of two intermetallic phases, Mg2Al3 (β) and Mg17Al12 (γ).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Post-Weld Hot-Rolling on the Properties of Explosively Welded Mg/Al/Ti Multilayer Composite

et al. 2020

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“…This is why a softer interlayer can be used to improve the bonding between two harder material layers, as demonstrated by Kuo et al [18] using a Ni interlayer to join 4130 steel layers and by Wolcott et al [21] using an Al 1100 interlayer to join commercially pure Ti layers. This mechanism of using a soft interlayer to join hard materials has also been used for ultrasonic spot welding [53,54]. When a soft material and a harder material are bonded together by UAM, they can be deposited directly layer by layer, or they can be deposited indirectly: two layers (one bilayer) are deposited together.…”

Section: Defects In Ultrasonic Additive Manufactured Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microstructure evolution during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid-state metal additive manufacturing process, with the combination of layer by layer ultrasonic seam welding and CNC machining. Due to the friction and deformation at the bonding interface, the ultrasonic softening effect and temperature generated, the microstructure of the substrate materials is evolving constantly. In this paper, in order to better understand the bonding mechanisms, the good practice and the capability of UAM, and the influence of different key process parameters on bonding quality, the microstructure evolution during UAM is reviewed in detail. Defects can be generated at the UAM bonding interface, but by choosing the right material combination and the right process parameters, defects can be reduced to minimum. Plastic deformation is very important for the bonding between layers during UAM, and plastic flow is important for redistribution of oxide layer, forming of mechanical interlocks, filling micro-valleys on the mating surface, and filling the gaps when embedding elements. UAM process can cause recrystallization and grain refinement at the welding interface and the intimate bulk materials around, and it will also gradually change the texture from rolling texture to shear texture. In the meantime, when further layers of materials are deposited on the top of the existing part, the microstructure will have some accumulative change. In order to reduce the defects number and increase the strength, sometimes, heat treatment needs to be carried out to the as-deposited parts, which will change the microstructure as well. Finally, the relevant research is summarised and the perspectives of further research are recommended.

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“…Langenecker [22] showed that with the application of intense ultrasonic waves, the level of static shear stress of a metal reduces, which eases its plastic deformation. Zhang et al [64] stated that severe plastic deformations and softening of the mating materials at the interface facilitate the grain boundary (GB) migration and the interfacial diffusion. Therefore, dynamic recrystallization occurs which leads to a high strength ultrasonic joint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulation of interface atomic diffusion in ultrasonic metal welding

Mostafavi

Bamer

Markert

2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The formation of a reliable joint between a large number of aluminum strands for battery applications is crucial in automotive industry, especially in the technology of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, in this study, mechanical deformations and diffusion patterns of the mating interface in ultrasonic welding of aluminum were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, microscopic observations of the joints between aluminum strands from ultrasonic welding illustrating the influence of two process parameters were done. To study the nanomechanics of the joint formation, two aluminum crystallites of different orientations were built. The impact of the sliding velocity and the compression rate of the upper crystal block on the diffusion pattern at the interface of the two crystallites were quantified via the diffusion coefficient. Tensile deformations of several joint configurations were performed to investigate the load-bearing capacity of the solid state bond, taking into account the compression rate, the sliding velocity and the crystallite orientation. The atomic scale simulations revealed that the orientations of the crystallites govern the interface diffusion and the tensile strength of the joint significantly. Furthermore, interface atom diffusion increased with increasing the sliding velocity. Additionally, it was observed that a higher sliding velocity enhances the friction heat generation between the crystallites and significantly increases the interface temperature.

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On the metallurgical joining mechanism during ultrasonic spot welding of NiTi using a Cu interlayer

Cited by 78 publications

References 24 publications

The Effect of Post-Weld Hot-Rolling on the Properties of Explosively Welded Mg/Al/Ti Multilayer Composite

The Effect of Post-Weld Hot-Rolling on the Properties of Explosively Welded Mg/Al/Ti Multilayer Composite

A review of microstructure evolution during ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Molecular dynamics simulation of interface atomic diffusion in ultrasonic metal welding

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