On the mechanism of porosity formation during welding of titanium alloys

Huang, Jiannan; Warnken, Nils; Gebelin, Jean‐Christophe; Strangwood, Martin; Reed, Roger C.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2012.02.035

Cited by 116 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…7 demonstrates the porosity distribution in the longitudinal section at the centerline of the weld metal with different beam offset positions. Until now, an unequivocal explanation for porosity formation in titanium welds is unavailable, most research studies indicated that keyhole instability was the main reason for porosity formation [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Appearance Of the Weld Jointsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of laser beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded BTi-6431S/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloys

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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Section: Appearance Of the Weld Jointsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of laser beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded BTi-6431S/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloys

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…Neverthless, there are still many unresolved issues in this field. Huang et al studied the porosity formation mechanism [9]. The comparison between different welding techniques have been conducted in previous studies [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Fiber Laser Welds

Campanelli¹,

Casalino²,

Mortello³

et al. 2015

Procedia CIRP

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In this paper an experimental analysis on laser beam welding process of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy was performed. Butt joints with a thickness of 2 mm were produced and assessed. A high brightness fiber laser was adopted to carry out the analysis. No filler wire and shaped grooves were used. An experimental plan was implemented keeping constant the laser power and varying the welding speed. A proper device was adopted to prevent oxidation phenomena that involve Ti at high temperatures reached during the thermal process. The geometric characteristics of the welding beads were studied through metallographic inspection of the cross sections. Vickers micro-hardness tests were conducted at the mid thickness of the cross sections of the joints and its variation in function of the distance from the welding line was achieved. Two tensile strength tests for each welding condition were performed in order to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welds. Results revealed a contained extent of the FZ and HAZ in the cross sections. The reduction of mechanical properties of the welds in comparison with those typical of the parent metal was about 20%, which is a good result in comparison with other previous research works.

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“…These solid-liquid and liquid-gas interfacial conditions are of importance to be comprehensively understood as they can contribute to the formation of residual stresses and distortions during the welding operation. Over the last two decades, literature has been reported on sophisticated modeling approaches [7][8][9][10][11][12] and experimental techniques [13][14][15][16][17][18] to study the dynamics of the keyhole phenomena during high power density fusion welding technologies, such as laser welding. From a modeling perspective, the interface deformation that leads to keyhole formation during the laser welding has been studied intensively using various numerical techniques, including a volume-of-fluid approach [13,14] and a level set method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Predicting Process Maps of Residual Stress and Distortion in a Laser Weld: A Combined CFD–FE Methodology

Turner

Panwisawas

Sovani

et al. 2016

Metall Mater Trans B

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Laser welding has become an important joining methodology within a number of industries for the structural joining of metallic parts. It offers a high power density welding capability which is desirable for deep weld sections, but is equally suited to performing thinner welded joints with sensible amendments to key process variables. However, as with any welding process, the introduction of severe thermal gradients at the weld line will inevitably lead to process-induced residual stress formation and distortions. Finite element (FE) predictions for weld simulation have been made within academia and industrial research for a number of years, although given the fluid nature of the molten weld pool, FE methodologies have limited capabilities. An improvement upon this established method would be to incorporate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model formulation prior to the FE model, to predict the weld pool shape and fluid flow, such that details can be fed into FE from CFD as a starting condition. The key outputs of residual stress and distortions predicted by the FE model can then be monitored against the process variables input to the model. Further, a link between the thermal results and the microstructural properties is of interest. Therefore, an empirical relationship between lamellar spacing and the cooling rate was developed and used to make predictions about the lamellar spacing for welds of different process parameters. Processing parameter combinations that lead to regions of high residual stress formation and high distortion have been determined, and the impact of processing parameters upon the predicted lamellar spacing has been presented.

show abstract

On the mechanism of porosity formation during welding of titanium alloys

Cited by 116 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of laser beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded BTi-6431S/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloys

Effect of laser beam offset on microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed laser welded BTi-6431S/TA15 dissimilar titanium alloys

Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Alloy Fiber Laser Welds

An Integrated Modeling Approach for Predicting Process Maps of Residual Stress and Distortion in a Laser Weld: A Combined CFD–FE Methodology

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