On the mechanism of painful burn sensation in tattoos on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic substances in tattoo inks used for permanent makeup (PMU) identified: Magnetite, goethite, and hematite

Serup, Jørgen; Alsing, Kasper Køhler; Olsen, Ole; Koch, Christian; Hansen, Rasmus Hvass

doi:10.1111/srt.13281

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…These reactions can occur in both permanent make-up and regular decorative tattoos. In permanent make-up, the use of iron oxide pigments, sometimes containing the ferrimagnetic substance magnetite, has been proposed as the culprit ingredient for MRI interactions [ 3 ]. The formation of artifacts from permanent eye-liners or eyebrows during MRI scans of the head region is a recognized phenomenon [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Temporal Aspect of MRI Tattoo Reactions: A Prospective Evaluation of a Newly-Acquired Tattoo with Multiple MRI Scans

Alsing,

Johannesen,

Mårtensson

et al. 2024

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Male, 36-year-old Final Diagnosis: MR-induced tattoo reaction Symptoms: Burning sensation • edema • erythema • papular skin lesion • skin lesion Clinical Procedure: Magnetic resonance imaging Specialty: Dermatology • Nuclear Medicine • Radiology Objective: Unknown etiology Background: Over the past 30 years, painful reactions during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in tattooed individuals have been sporadically reported. These complications manifest as burning pain in tattooed skin areas, occasionally with swelling and redness, often leading to termination of the scanning. The exact cause is unclear, but iron oxide pigments in permanent make-up or elements in carbon black tattoos may play a role. Additionally, factors like tattoo age, design, and color may influence reactions. The existing literature lacks comprehensive evidence, leaving many questions unanswered. Case Report: We present the unique case of a young man who experienced recurring painful reactions in a recently applied black tattoo during multiple MRI scans. Despite the absence of ferrimagnetic ingredients in the tattoo ink, the patient reported intense burning sensations along with transient erythema and edema. Interestingly, the severity of these reactions gradually decreased over time, suggesting a time-dependent factor contributing to the problem. This finding highlights the potential influence of pigment particle density in the skin on the severity and risk of MRI interactions. We hypothesize that the painful sensations could be triggered by excitation of dermal C-fibers by conductive elements in the tattoo ink, likely carbon particles. Conclusions: Our case study highlights that MRI-induced tattoo reactions may gradually decrease over time. While MRI scans occasionally can cause transient reactions in tattoos, they do not result in permanent skin damage and remain a safe and essential diagnostic tool. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these reactions and explore preventive measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Temporal Aspect of MRI Tattoo Reactions: A Prospective Evaluation of a Newly-Acquired Tattoo with Multiple MRI Scans

Alsing,

Johannesen,

Mårtensson

et al. 2024

Am J Case Rep

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Clinical Issues — October 2023

Wright

2023

AORN Journal

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THIS MONTH Pregnant personnel in the magnetic resonance environment Key words: magnetic resonance (MR), pregnant personnel, zone IV, exposure, scanner. Patients with tattoos in the magnetic resonance environment Key words: tattoo ink, permanent cosmetic tattoo, magnetic resonance (MR), scanning, burns. Robotic procedure emergency preparedness Key words: emergency readiness, conversion to open, robotic surgery, checklists, undocking. Communication during robotic procedures Key words: communication, teamwork, robotic procedures, familiarity, perioperative team.

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Systematic review of MRI safety literature in relation to radiofrequency thermal injury prevention

Baker,

Nugent,

Grainger

et al. 2024

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapidly evolving modality, generally considered safe due to lack of ionising radiation. While MRI technology and techniques are improving, many of the safety concerns remain the same as when first established. Patient thermal injuries are the most frequently reported adverse event, accounting for 59% of MRI incidents to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Surveys indicate many incidents remain unreported. Patient thermal injuries are preventable and various methods for their mitigation have been published. However, recommendations can be variable, fragmented and confusing.The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on MRI safety and associated skin injuries and offer comprehensive recommendations for radiographers to prevent skin thermal injuries.MethodsFour journal databases were searched for sources published January 2010–May 2023, presenting information on MRI safety and thermal injuries.ResultsOf 26,801 articles returned, after careful screening and based on the eligibility criteria, only 79 articles and an additional 19 grey literature sources were included (n = 98). Included studies were examined using thematic analysis to determine if holistic recommendations can be provided to assist in preventing skin burns. This resulted in three simplified recommendations: Remove any electrically conductive items Insulate the patient to prevent any conductive loops or contact with objects Communicate regularly ConclusionBy implementing the above recommendations, it is estimated that 97% of skin burns could be prevented. With thermal injuries continuing to impact MRI safety, strategies to prevent skin burns and heating are essential. Assessing individual risks, rather than blanket policies, will help prevent skin thermal injuries occurring, improving patient care.

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On the mechanism of painful burn sensation in tattoos on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic substances in tattoo inks used for permanent makeup (PMU) identified: Magnetite, goethite, and hematite

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Unveiling the Temporal Aspect of MRI Tattoo Reactions: A Prospective Evaluation of a Newly-Acquired Tattoo with Multiple MRI Scans

Unveiling the Temporal Aspect of MRI Tattoo Reactions: A Prospective Evaluation of a Newly-Acquired Tattoo with Multiple MRI Scans

Clinical Issues — October 2023

Systematic review of MRI safety literature in relation to radiofrequency thermal injury prevention

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