On the mechanism of non-electrolyte permeation through lipid bilayers and through biomembranes

Gier, J. De; Mandersloot, J.G.; Hupkes, J.V.; McElhaney, Ronald N.; Beek, Wim P. Van

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(71)90249-5

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this study, we compared the proton and sodium ion permeability of liposomes composed of lipids derived from various bacteria and archaea, thereby covering nearly the entire range of temperatures at which these organisms can grow. For non-electrolytes, it has been shown that the passive permeability characteristics of membranes are essentially the same as those of liposomes prepared from extracted lipids (de Gier et aL, 1971). Liposomes, therefore, represent a good model system for a comparative study of the permeability characteristics of biological membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane limits the maximum growth temperature of bacteria and archaea

Vossenberg

Ubbink-Kok

Elferink

et al. 1995

Molecular Microbiology

145

100

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Protons and sodium ions are the most commonly used coupling ions in energy transduction in bacteria and archaea. At their growth temperature, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of thermophilic bacteria to protons is high compared with that of sodium ions. In some thermophiles, sodium is the sole energy-coupling ion. To test whether sodium is the preferred coupling ion at high temperatures, the proton- and sodium permeability was determined in liposomes prepared from lipids isolated from various bacterial and archaeal species that differ in their optimal growth temperature. The proton permeability increased with the temperature and was comparable for most species at their respective growth temperatures. Liposomes of thermophilic bacteria are an exception in the sense that the proton permeability is already high at the growth temperature. In all liposomes, the sodium permeability was lower than the proton permeability and increased with the temperature. The results suggest that the proton permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane is an important parameter in determining the maximum growth temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane limits the maximum growth temperature of bacteria and archaea

Vossenberg

Ubbink-Kok

Elferink

et al. 1995

Molecular Microbiology

145

100

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“…1 reduces to the planar solution 1/P d,true = 1/P d,obs --2tl/D. (2) Using Eq. 2 and taking the THO permeability coefficient as Pd,obs, we can calculate that the total unstirred layer thickness is 177 txm for the sum of the layers on both sides of the membrane at 24°C.…”

Section: Thickness Of Unstirred Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonelectrolyte diffusion across the red cell membrane provides information about membrane physical characteristics (1), which has been interpreted in the light of comparisons with model lipid bilayer systems such as liposomes (2). The multilamellar structure of the liposomes makes it difficult to obtain absolute permeability coefficients from the initial rate of swelling, the usual measure of liposome permeation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonelectrolyte diffusion across lipid bilayer systems.

Poznansky¹,

Tong²,

White³

et al. 1976

The Journal of General Physiology

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A B S T R A C T The permeability coefficients of a homologous series of amides from formamide through valeramide have been measured in spherical bilayers prepared by the method described by Jung. They do not depend directly on the water:ether partition coefficient which increases regularly with chain length. Instead there is a minimum at acetamide. This has been ascribed to the effect of steric hindrance on diffusion within the bilayer which increases with solute molar volume. This factor is of the same magnitude, though opposite in sign to the effect of lipid solubility, thus accounting for the minimum. The resistance to passage across the interface has been compared to the resistance to diffusion within the membrane. As the solute chain length increases the interface resistance becomes more important, until for valeramide it comprises about 90% of the total resistance. Interface resistance is also important in urea permeation, causing urea to permeate much more slowly than an amide of comparable size, after allowance is made for the difference in the water:ether partition coefficient. Amide permeation coefficients have been compared with relative liposome permeation data measured by the rate of liposome swelling. The ratios of the two measures of permeation vary between 3 and 16 for the homologous amides~ The apparent enthaipy of liposome permeation has been measured and found to be in the neighborhood of 12 kcal mo1-1 essentially independent of chain length. Comparison of the bilayer permeability coefficients with those of red cells shows that red cell permeation by the lipophilic solutes resembles that of the bilayers, whereas permeation by the hydrophilic solutes differs significantly.Nonelectrolyte diffusion across the red cell membrane provides information about membrane physical characteristics (1), which has been interpreted in the light of comparisons with model lipid bilayer systems such as liposomes (2). The multilamellar structure of the liposomes makes it difficult to obtain absolute permeability coefficients from the initial rate of swelling, the usual measure of liposome permeation. However, absolute permeability coefficients can be obtained from measurements of diffusion across bilayers. Though Andreoli et al. (3) report that the permeability coefficients of small nonelectrolytes are generally too small to measure across planar bilayers, such measurements have been made by Vreeman (4), Gallucci et al. (5,6), Lippe et al. (7,8), and Jung (9). We have used spherical lipid bilayers, prepared by the method of Jung (9), to obtain permeability coefficients across single spherical bilayers for a homologous series of monoamides and urea. These permeability coefficients are qualitatively,

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“…Although no data are available on the temperature dependence of amide permeation in model systems, De Gier et al (26) have studied the permeation of alcohols through liposomes. The apparent activation energy for erythritol and glycerol diffusion into and across egg lecithin liposomes is 18-21 kcal mol-' and values as high as 50 kcal mol -' are found in liposomes containing saturated phosphatides such as dipalmitoyl lecithin.…”

Section: Enthalpy and Entropy Of Permeation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of Nonelectrolyte Permeation across Red Cell Membranes

Galey

Owen

Solomon

1973

The Journal of General Physiology

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The temperature dependence of permeation across human red cell membranes has been determined for a series of hydrophilic and lipophilic solutes, including urea and two methyl substituted derivatives, all the straightchain amides from formamide through valeramide and the two isomers, isobutyramide and isovaleramide. The temperature coefficient for permeation by all the hydrophilic solutes is 12 kcal mol -' or less, whereas that for all the lipophilic solutes is 19 kcal mol -' or greater. This difference is consonant with the view that hydrophilic molecules cross the membrane by a path different from that taken by the lipophilic ones. The thermodynamic parameters associated with lipophile permeation have been studied in detail. AG is negative for adsorption of lipophilic amides onto an oil-water interface, whereas it is positive for transfer of the polar head from the aqueous medium to bulk lipid solvent. Application of absolute reaction rate theory makes it possible to make a clear distinction between diffusion across the water-red cell membrane interface and diffusion within the membrane. Diffusion coefficients and apparent activation enthalpies and entropies have been computed for each process. Transfer of the polar head from the solvent into the interface is characterized by AGI = 0 kcal mol-' and AS S negative, whereas both of these parameters have large positive values for diffusion within the membrane. Diffusion within the membrane is similar to what is expected for diffusion through a highly associated viscous fluid.Permeability coefficients for the passage of small hydrophilic and lipophilic solutes across red cell membranes have been determined by Sha'afi et al. (1) who concluded that physical chemical interactions between solute and membrane were the basic determinants of red cell permeability for both classes of solutes. We have measured the temperature dependence of permeation for typical members of these hydrophilic and lipophilic classes of solutes in order to gain further insight into the nature of the interactions with the red cell membrane structure.The temperature coefficients for permeation by hydrophilic solutes are significantly lower than those for lipophilic ones, thus providing an additional

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On the mechanism of non-electrolyte permeation through lipid bilayers and through biomembranes

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Ion permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane limits the maximum growth temperature of bacteria and archaea

Ion permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane limits the maximum growth temperature of bacteria and archaea

Nonelectrolyte diffusion across lipid bilayer systems.

Temperature Dependence of Nonelectrolyte Permeation across Red Cell Membranes

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