On the Mechanism of Laboratory Earthquake Nucleation Highlighted by Acoustic Emission

Остапчук, А. А.; Morozova, K. G.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64272-1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Furthermore, a large difference in fluorescence can be caused by the microenvironment and binding affinity (represented by the binding constant, K ). The binding constants between ANS and proteins from previous studies are plotted in Figure 2 a, indicating that the K values show a large dispersion by two or three orders of magnitude among proteins [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Revisiting the Rate-Limiting Step of the ANS–Protein Binding at the Protein Surface and Inside the Hydrophobic Cavity

2021

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8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) is used as a hydrophobic fluorescence probe due to its high intensity in hydrophobic environments, and also as a microenvironment probe because of its unique ability to exhibit peak shift and intensity change depending on the surrounding solvent environment. The difference in fluorescence can not only be caused by the microenvironment but can also be affected by the binding affinity, which is represented by the binding constant (K). However, the overall binding process considering the binding constant is not fully understood, which requires the ANS fluorescence binding mechanism to be examined. In this study, to reveal the rate-limiting step of the ANS–protein binding process, protein concentration-dependent measurements of the ANS fluorescence of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin were performed, and the binding constants were analyzed. The results suggest that the main factor of the binding process is the microenvironment at the binding site, which restricts the attached ANS molecule, rather than the attractive diffusion-limited association. The molecular mechanism of ANS–protein binding will help us to interpret the molecular motions of ANS molecules at the binding site in detail, especially with respect to an equilibrium perspective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“… ( a ) The ANS–protein binding constants ( K ) of various proteins [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. ( b ) An assumption about the ANS–protein binding processes.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Rate-Limiting Step of the ANS–Protein Binding at the Protein Surface and Inside the Hydrophobic Cavity

2021

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“…In order to describe both the stage of AE rise and the stage of decrease, we introduced the waveform index WI (Ostapchuk and Morozova, 2020). The WI-value was calculated through the formula:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Emission Reveals Multiple Slip Modes on a Frictional Fault

et al. 2021

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The spectrum of fault slip modes spans a continuum from fast ruptures to slow slip events. The nucleation of a certain slip mode is governed by the frictional heterogeneity of fault interface and the rheological fault stiffness. There is a mounting evidence that a single fault can host multiple slip modes. In laboratory experiments we study acoustic emission (AE) initiated by a sliding frictional fault and focus our attention on gouge-filled faults hosting multiple slip modes. Deformation experiments were performed on a slider model setup with a precise control of mechanical parameters and monitoring the acoustic signal in the frequency range of 20–80 kHz. We have shown that the cumulative AE energy linearly depends on block displacement. Besides that, there is a high inverse correlation (-0.94) between fault friction and b-value of frequency-amplitude distribution of AE in the performed experiments. Provided that velocity weakening is specific for the fault interface, the self-organization of a gouge-filled fault at the micro scale is the key parameter that controls the frictional behavior of fault hosting multiple slip modes. Resting on a quantitative categorization of AE waveforms, two AE subpopulations have been distinguished. One of them manifests as AEs with harsh onsets. The second one exhibits a gradual amplitude rise and tremor-like waveforms. A longer duration of the intergrain rupture is specific for the second AE subpopulation. During a laboratory seismic cycle, the first AE subpopulation retains parameters, while the second one exhibits a pronounced cyclic recurrence of b-value. The b-value of the second subpopulation gradually decreases before slip events and recovers after them. Two AE subpopulations, probably, point to the coexistence of two dynamic subsystems. The revealed precursory changes of AE subpopulations are common for the entire spectrum of slip modes. We speculate on the unity of underlying mechanisms of different slip modes.

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“…(2013) monitored the acoustic signals when microslips occurred and proposed that acoustic emission (AEs) and microslips demonstrated a strong correlation. The use of AEs during the nucleation stage as a microslip precursor to stick‐slip failure has been recognized by many studies (Jiang et al., 2017; Ostapchuk & Morozova, 2020; Scuderi et al., 2016). The presence of microslips was also detected in field monitoring (Dodge et al., 1996; Kato et al., 2012) and in numerical simulation (Ferdowsi et al., 2013; Griffa et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stick‐Slip Nucleation and Failure in Uniform Glass Beads Detected by Acoustic Emissions in Ring‐Shear Experiments: Implications for Identifying the Acoustic Emissions of Earthquake Foreshocks

Gou

et al. 2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Stress accumulation and release reflected by acoustic emissions (AEs) during shearing of granular materials provide important information on failure mechanisms in seismic faults and landslides controlled by stick‐slip. Among many characteristics (amplitude, energy, counts, and frequency) of AE signals generated by stick‐slip, stress changes corresponding to various frequency AEs in different stages of the stick‐slip process are not clear, which limits our knowledge of the characteristics of precursory signals before stick‐slip failure. To better understand the physical mechanisms of granular stick‐slip, we monitored the mechanical and AE signals using high‐frequency (2 MHz) synchronous acquisition during constant‐speed shear of packs of uniform glass beads with different sizes at different normal stresses. The release rate of AE energy was found to accelerate with the dilatation of the sample volume, and the stress drop of stick‐slip was augmented with the increase of normal stress and particle size. Three characteristic events of single cycle stick‐slip were observed in this study: main slip, minor slip, and microslip. We analyzed the AE frequency spectra of these three event types. Both main slip and minor slip corresponded to stress drop and generated high‐frequency AEs (about several hundred kHz), while the AE frequencies generated by microslip were lower (about tens of kHz) and exhibited stress strengthening, which were not apparent in previous studies due to the low frequency of acquisition. We propose that the microslip is mainly due to sliding on grain contacts, while the main slip and minor slip resulted from breakage and reforming of force chains. Low‐frequency AEs from microslip may suggest a crucial precursor of seismic faults and landslides.

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On the Mechanism of Laboratory Earthquake Nucleation Highlighted by Acoustic Emission

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Revisiting the Rate-Limiting Step of the ANS–Protein Binding at the Protein Surface and Inside the Hydrophobic Cavity

Revisiting the Rate-Limiting Step of the ANS–Protein Binding at the Protein Surface and Inside the Hydrophobic Cavity

Acoustic Emission Reveals Multiple Slip Modes on a Frictional Fault

Stick‐Slip Nucleation and Failure in Uniform Glass Beads Detected by Acoustic Emissions in Ring‐Shear Experiments: Implications for Identifying the Acoustic Emissions of Earthquake Foreshocks

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