On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment

Ouyang, Jianyong; Xu, Qihong; Chu, Chih‐Wei; Yang, Yang; Li, Gang; Shinar, J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.001

Cited by 1,211 publications

(1,210 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,120

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The changes in bond lengths and angles are consistent with the transformation upon doping from a benzoid to the quinoid structure of PEDOT in accordance to the findings of Dkhissi et.al [20] and Ouyanga et. al [12]. In particular, the bond distance a, which in the benzoid structure corresponds to a double bond, is shorter in the undoped structure, whereas the bonds b and c, corresponding to double bonds in the quinoid structure, are shortened in the doped structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It has been observed that the conductivity increases when certain organic solvents has been added to a PEDOT:PSS water solution [12]. Some examples are dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF) [13], glycerol, sorbitol [14][15] and ethylene glycol [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in conductivity was observed only when the organic solvent contained two or more polar groups. These molecules interact with dipoles or charges on the PEDOT chains and cause a transformation from benzoid to quinoid structure [12]. This will cause the curled polymer chains to uncurl i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change of conformation will increase the interaction between the chains and thereby the mobility in the film. Another consequence of this is that PEDOT:PSS, which is soluble in water, become (more) insoluble when ethylene glycol is added [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The electronic structure and reflectivity of PEDOT:PSS from density functional theory

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geometric and electronic structure of condensed phase organic conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS blends has been investigated by periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) functional, and a plane wave basis set. The influence of the degree of doping of the PEDOT polymer on structural and optical parameters such as the reflectivity, absorbance, conductivity, dielectric function, refractive index and the energy-loss function is studied. A flip from the benzoid to the quinoid structure is observed in the calculations when the neutral PEDOT is doped by negatively charged PSS. Also the optical properties are affected by the doping. In particular, the reflectivity was found to be very sensitive to the degree of doping, where higher doping implies higher reflectivity. The reflectivity is highly anisotropic, with the dominant contribution stemming from the direction parallel to the PEDOT polymer chain.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The electronic structure and reflectivity of PEDOT:PSS from density functional theory

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The measured contact angle of water on PEDOT:PSS is similar to value reported in literature. 17 The plastic solution, however, showed perfect spreading with no measurable angle. These differences are further exaggerated on glass and ITO substrates (see SFigure 3 in the Supporting Information).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plastic-Syringe Induced Silicone Contamination in Organic Photovoltaic Fabrication: Implications for Small-Volume Additives

Carr

Nalwa

Mahadevapuram

et al. 2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herein, the implications of silicone contamination found in solution-processed conjugated polymer solar cells are explored. Similar to a previous work based on molecular cells, we find this contamination as a result of the use of plastic syringes during fabrication. However, in contrast to the molecular case, we find that glass-syringe fabricated devices give superior performance than plastic-syringe fabricated devices in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based cells. We find that the unintentional silicone addition alters the solution's wettability, which translates to a thinner, less absorbent film on spinning. With many groups studying the effects of small-volume additives, this work should be closely considered as many of these additives may also directly alter the solutions' wettability, or the amount of silicone dissolved off the plastic syringes, or both. Thereby, film thickness, which generally is not reported in detail, can vary significantly from device to device. KEYWORDS: organic, photovoltaic, solar, polymer, silicone, plastic, PDMS, P3HT ■ INTRODUCTIONIn the global search for clean and sustainable energy sources, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have recently gained much attention. Facets such as solution processability, light weight, low cost, and the potential for roll-to-roll production make OPVs an advantageous option for the realization of greenpower generation. Popular modern-day organic solar cells are fabricated in what is known as the dispersed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) architecture, formed from blends of conjugated polymers or small molecules with fullerene derivatives. 1 Since its introduction in the mid-1990s, many groups have suggested numerous methods for increasing BHJ power conversion efficiency (PCE). Among these are small-volume additives, in which a macromolecule or solvent are mixed with the BHJ blend at percentages typically less than 10%. 2−10 Most of these reports cite an improved morphology as the reason behind performance improvement, whether it is increased mobility from larger grain sizes, or increased exciton dissociation from smaller grain sizes. What is generally overlooked is how an additive changes the wetting of the BHJ blend solution on the substrate surface. As we show in this work, additive-induced differential wetting can lead to a notable change in film thickness, which alone can significantly affect light absorption and photocurrent generation. Moreover, films of different thicknesses dry at different rates, which in turn can affect the internal BHJ morphology and other device parameters. Thus, an additive-induced differential wetting can significantly affect device performance, without playing a direct role in altering morphology of the bulk BHJ film. We showcase the above using silicone as a small-volume additive, which is unintentionally introduced by plastic-syringes widely used in OPV fabrication.Recently, a work by Graham et al. showed that silicone contamination, induced during fabrication by the use of plastic syringes, can act as a small-volume additive. 2...

show abstract

Organic Light‐Emitting Diode

Kavya¹,

Kavitha²

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2006 he was in the group of Prof. Karl Leo at the Institute of Advanced Photophysics (IAPP) in Dresden (Germany) as a postdoc working on the development and physics of blue light emitting OLEDs for artificial lighting applications realized through the technique of "electric doping". Scientific coordinator of the "electroluminescent molecular devices" section of the National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (NNL) of the CNR-Nano unit of Lecce, he was and is technical-scientific responsible for several industrial projects with Italian and foreign industries (FIAMM, Leuci).

show abstract

On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment

Cited by 1,211 publications

References 25 publications

The electronic structure and reflectivity of PEDOT:PSS from density functional theory

The electronic structure and reflectivity of PEDOT:PSS from density functional theory

Plastic-Syringe Induced Silicone Contamination in Organic Photovoltaic Fabrication: Implications for Small-Volume Additives

Organic Light‐Emitting Diode

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About