On the mechanism of action of thyroxin, an amino acid analog of tyrosine

Dratman, Mary B.

doi:10.1016/0022-5193(74)90151-9

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Based in part on the structural similarity between io dothyronines and the catecholamines, Dratman (1974) hypothesized that thyroid hormones may act as neu rotransmitters. Dratman and associates (Dratman et al 1976;Dratman and Crutchfteld 1978) subsequently showed that radiolabeled T 4 and T 3 intravenously ad ministered to live animals were preferentially taken up into the synaptosomal fraction obtained from rat brain, where T4 was also converted to T3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Triiodothyronine: Is this Peripheral Hormone a Central Neurotransmitter?

Mason

Walker

Prange

1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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othyronine (T3) has previously been shown to _ fast-phase, depolarization-induced 4 5Ca uptake Ii lH·gamma-aminobutyric acid release by rat brain .. osomes at low nanomolar concentrations IJlll l rable to those reported for whole brain.ltmtheless, the physiologic importance of these rmclear-mediated effects of T3 has remained uncertain, a� because specific mechanisms and the presence of fill presumptive sites of action have not been _trated.Isotopic studies showing that L-tetraiodothyronine !Jrorine, T4) and T3 are concentrated in synaptosomes, ,. that T4 is deiodinated to T3 suggested that =*genous levels of T3 in nerve terminals are probably

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Triiodothyronine: Is this Peripheral Hormone a Central Neurotransmitter?

Mason

Walker

Prange

1993

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…1). In the early 1970s, Dr M Dratman et al (Dratman 1974) speculated about their putative biosynthesis and action. Cody et al (1984) described the molecular structure and biochemical activity of 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronamine (T 3 AM) in 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An online solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to study the presence of thyronamines in plasma and tissue and their putative conversion from 13C6-thyroxine

Ackermans¹,

Klieverik²,

Ringeling³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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Thyronamines are exciting new players at the crossroads of thyroidology and metabolism. Here, we report the development of a method to measure 3-iodothyronamine (T 1 AM) and thyronamine (T 0 AM) in plasma and tissue samples.The detection limit of the method was 0 . 25 nmol/l in plasma and 0 . 30 pmol/g in tissue both for T 1 AM and for T 0 AM.Using this method, we were able to demonstrate T 1 AM and T 0 AM in plasma and liver from rats treated with synthetic thyronamines. Although we demonstrated the in vivo conversion of 13 C 6 -thyroxine ( 13 C 6 -T 4 ) to 13 C 6 -3,5, 3 0 -triiodothyronine, we did not detect 13 C 6 -T 1 AM in plasma or brain samples of rats treated with 13 C 6 -T 4 . Surprisingly, our method did not detect any endogenous T 1 AM or T 0 AM in plasma from vehicle-treated rats, nor in human plasma or thyroid tissue. Although we are cautious to draw general conclusions from these negative findings and in spite of the fact that insufficient sensitivity of the method related to extractability and stability of T 0 AM cannot be completely excluded at this point, our findings raise questions on the biosynthetic pathways and concentrations of endogenous T 1 AM and T 0 AM.

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“…This lack of understanding is, in large part, a reflection of the more generalized lack of information available on the influence of thyroid hormones on the adult mammalian brain. What information that is available has largely focused on a relationship between catecholaminergic neurons and thyroid hormones within synaptic terminals (Dratman, 1974;Dratman et al, 1976). This review offers the hypothesis that the thyroid hormones provide an important influence on the mature mammalian brain via intracellular pathways that facilitate signal transduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thyroid hormones and the treatment of depression: An examination of basic hormonal actions in the mature mammalian brain

Henley

Koehnle

1997

Synapse

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Numerous clinical reports indicate that thyroid hormones can influence mood, and a change in thyroid status is an important correlate of depression. Moreover, thyroid hormones have been shown to be effective as adjuncts for traditional antidepressant medications in treatment-resistant patients. In spite of a large clinical literature, little is known about the mechanism by which thyroid hormones elevate mood. The lack of mechanistic insight reflects, in large part, a longstanding bias that the mature mammalian central nervous system is not an important target site for thyroid hormones. Biochemical, physiological, and behavioral evidence is reviewed that provides a clear picture of their importance for neuronal function. This paper offers the hypothesis that the thyroid hormones influence affective state via postreceptor mechanisms that facilitate signal transduction pathways in the adult mammalian brain. This influence is generalizable to widely recognized targets of antidepressant therapies such as noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission.

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On the mechanism of action of thyroxin, an amino acid analog of tyrosine

Cited by 76 publications

References 57 publications

L-Triiodothyronine: Is this Peripheral Hormone a Central Neurotransmitter?

L-Triiodothyronine: Is this Peripheral Hormone a Central Neurotransmitter?

An online solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to study the presence of thyronamines in plasma and tissue and their putative conversion from 13C6-thyroxine

Thyroid hormones and the treatment of depression: An examination of basic hormonal actions in the mature mammalian brain

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