On the measurement of the nonlinear optical response of graphene dispersions using fs lasers

Καραμπίτσος, Νικόλαος; Kyrginas, Dimitrios; Couris, Stelios

doi:10.1364/ol.389309

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The nonlinear refractive index obtained using an excitation wavelength at 1150 nm is of the same order of magnitude with our reported values for the Sb 2 Te 3 layers. It has to be noted that the negative nonlinear refraction obtained here (self-defocusing) is in accordance with several previous experimental and theoretical studies on graphene systems. − A negative nonlinear refraction has been also presented in ref in the case of another 2D material, black phosphorus, while the nonlinear refraction is 6–7 orders of magnitude lower than that reported in this work.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In another work similar values have been found (10 −7 ∼ 10 −6 esu) by employing the same repetition rate. 39 Very recently Karampitsos et al 40 have investigated graphene dispersions and have demonstrated that the repetition rate of the laser plays a very important role on the NLO response of graphene. Using a high repetition rate (i.e., 80 MHz) they have shown that thermal effects dominate the nonlinearities.…”

Section: Acs Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Verrone

Moisset

Lemarchand

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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2D materials are currently very promising candidates for various photonic applications. Optimizing their optical nonlinearities requires a thorough adjustment of several properties including the film thickness. In this work thin Sb2Te3 layers with different thicknesses (ranging from 2.5 to 50 nm) are prepared by the electron beam deposition technique, and then they are properly annealed in order to achieve significant third order nonlinearities. The film structure and morphology are extensively studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The presence of nanocrystals with sizes highly depending on the film thickness has been observed. Optical studies are carried out by Vis–NIR spectrophotometric studies. Finally, a thickness dependent study of the ultrafast third order nonlinear optical properties of the Sb2Te3 thin films is performed. This study is carried out by means of the Z-scan technique, employing 400 fs laser pulses at 1030 nm. The observed optical nonlinearities are very high, compared with those of state-of-the-art nonlinear optical materials. Moreover they are highly dependent on the thickness of the layers. The findings demonstrate the importance of a fine adjustment of the Sb2Te3 thickness in order to enhance its nonlinear optical efficiency. They are expected to be of significant importance for mode-locking of laser systems and super-resolved direct laser writing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Acs Appliedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Verrone

Moisset

Lemarchand

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…Indeed, it has been previously reported that the optical nonlinearities of graphene layers were strongly depending on the employed repetition rate. 11 We estimate that at 100 Hz thermal effects are negligible. Several zones of each sample were scanned during this study to prove that a homogeneous optical nonlinearity was present all over the surface of the samples.…”

Section: Z-scan Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Giant saturable absorption in thin Sb2Te3 layers: development and characterization

Verrone

Campos²,

Cabié³

et al. 2021

Advances in Optical Thin Films VII

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With the increase of laser powers and the decrease of pulse durations, materials with very large optical nonlinearities are of great interest for the laser community. Indeed, depending on the type of the nonlinearities, they can be used for several applications including frequency conversion and self-focusing. In particular, saturable absorbers are widely studied, as they allow mode-locking of laser systems or super-resolved laser writing. In this work, we have studied the saturable absorption efficiency of Sb 2 Te 3 thin layers. Layers with thicknesses ranging from 2.5 nm to 30 nm have been deposited using electron beam deposition. These films were then annealed in a temperature controlled oven at 250 °C during 1 h to ensure that they are completely crystallized. These layers were then thoroughly studied with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The nonlinear optical properties have been studied using the Z-Scan technique under femtosecond and nanosecond pulse irradiation. In this paper we present a study of the nonlinear optical properties of the Sb 2 Te 3 layers.

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“…In addition, it needs to be emphasized that although the relatively low absorption of ZnO samples at 1064 nm can minimize the possibility of the contribution of thermal effects, the conversion of the absorbed energy into phonons from non-radiative absorption processes may not be negligible, when excitation occurs under high-repetition rate laser sources with the nano-second pulse width regime. Actually, the Gaussian laser beams during their long-term interactions with ZnO samples can be partially adsorbed and then converted to heat to form a lens-like optical element due to cumulative thermal effects [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

Haghighatzadeh

Mazinani

Ostad

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Hollow nanostructures have attracted attention because of their unique physiochemical properties and broad potential applications in electronics, optics and photonics. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach was developed to fabricate hollow ZnO microspheres via self-assembled rod-like nanostructures. The morphology-controlled synthesis was conducted by altering hydrothermal treatment temperature (150, 200 and 250 °C) in solutions containing zinc acetate dihydrate precursor and glycerol as the stabilizing agent. The morphological observations indicated that hydrothermally grown ZnO architectures could be reasonably adjusted by modulating hydrothermal reaction temperature. Possible growth routes are proposed to elucidate the formation process of ZnO microspheres with the rod-like nanostructures. Morphology-dependent absorbance and emission along with red-shifts with improved crystalline qualities were observed with increasing hydrothermal growth temperature. Kerr-type nonlinear optical characteristics examined using single-beam Z-scan technique in the near infrared spectral range under nanosecond Nd-YVO4 laser pulses showed positive values of nonlinear refraction providing an evidence of self-focusing behaviors at the excitation wavelength of 1064 nm in all the samples studied. The highest Kerr-type nonlinear susceptibility was estimated to be 2.31 × 10–6 esu for hollow ZnO microspheres grown at 250 °C, suggesting synergistic effects of surface morphologies on optical nonlinearities.

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On the measurement of the nonlinear optical response of graphene dispersions using fs lasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Giant saturable absorption in thin Sb2Te3 layers: development and characterization

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

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On the measurement of the nonlinear optical response of graphene dispersions using fs lasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb2Te3 Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb2Te3 Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Giant saturable absorption in thin Sb2Te3 layers: development and characterization

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

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Product

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Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing

Thickness-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Nanometer-Thick Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films: Implications for Mode-Locking and Super-resolved Direct Laser Writing