On the measurement of hydrodynamic properties of an air-polyethylene fluidized bed system

Wright, Ian; Hamilton, Kelly; Kruychkov, Sergey; Chen, Jinwen; Li, Fan; Kantzas, Apostolos

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00079-3

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The experimental data was processed using in-house software, reported in Wright et al (2001), to determine the particles xz-positions and count rates for gamma camera one, and the particles y-z-positions and count rates for gamma camera two. Given that the gamma camera data collection software is started separately for each camera, the cameras are not perfectly synchronized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the accumulation of dots needs to be transformed into a particle location. The particle locations are identifi ed using a centre of gravity algorithm (Wright et al, 2001). The particle location is then identifi ed with the same precision as the spatial resolution.…”

Section: Experimental Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particle paths can lend insight into fl uid behaviour within the column, which could eventually lead to improved design of industrial fl uidized reactors. As a continuation of our previous work in three-dimensional single radioactive particle tracking (Wright et al, 2001), we have developed a method for tracking multiple radioactive particles in three dimensions. Using multiple particles simultaneously allows us to decrease data collection time, decrease the number of images while maximizing the number of points, and obtain overall improved view of fl ow behaviour and particleparticle interactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis and Interpretation of Multiple Radioactive Particle Tracking Data on Laboratory Scale Air/Polyethylene Fluidized Beds

Schober

Kantzas

2004

Can J Chem Eng

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P revious work in our laboratory has explored several non-intrusive visualization techniques regarding fl ow phenomena in threedimensional, gas-solid fl uidized beds. These methods include X-ray computer assisted tomography (CAT), X-ray Digital Fluoroscopy (DF), and Radioactive Particle Tracking (RPT). X-ray CAT utilizes modifi ed medical CAT scanners to obtain voidage distributions of materials inside a column at varying heights and experimental conditions. X-ray DF employs a medical X-ray camera and an image recording system to obtain information concerning bubble movement, growth, break-up and coalescence in the column. RPT uses gamma cameras to gather instantaneous information regarding radioactive particle count rates and positions in a fl uidized bed over time. These radiation distributions with respect to time are recorded by a computer, and then analyzed to trace the paths of the radioactive particles. The particle paths can lend insight into fl uid behaviour within the column, which could eventually lead to improved design of industrial fl uidized reactors. As a continuation of our previous work in three-dimensional single radioactive particle tracking (Wright et al., 2001), we have developed a method for tracking multiple radioactive particles in three dimensions. Using multiple particles simultaneously allows us to decrease data collection time, decrease the number of images while maximizing the number of points, and obtain overall improved view of fl ow behaviour and particleparticle interactions. This allows us to gather further insight regarding the fl ow structures of three-dimensional fl uidized beds.In this work, we used two gamma cameras, set perpendicular to one another in order to capture the positions and count rates of each of fi ve radioactive particles in three dimensions and as a function of time. The data from each of the cameras was combined to obtain three-dimensional instantaneous particle fl ow information. Particle occurrences, azimuthally averaged velocities, normal and shear stresses and turbulent kinetic energies were found for the data sets. Experimental EquipmentThe gamma cameras used were a Siemens Orbiter and a Siemens ZLC, each having a 41 cm diameter NaI(Tl) detector crystal and 75 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This crystal was covered by a lead LEAP (low energy all purpose) parallel collimator, which allowed only those gamma rays travelling perpendicular to the camera face to pass through. The gamma rays that pass project an image of the radiation distribution inside the column, onto the detector. As gamma radiation is ionizing, the detector crystal produces a fl ash of light, or scintillation event, when struck by gamma rays; scintillation events are proportional

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis and Interpretation of Multiple Radioactive Particle Tracking Data on Laboratory Scale Air/Polyethylene Fluidized Beds

Schober

Kantzas

2004

Can J Chem Eng

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“…Outside of these researchers, there are a few interested in the use of x-rays. The majority of the work is being done by Newton (Newton et al, 2001;Smith et al, 1995;Newton et al, 1994) and Kantzas (Zarabi and Kantzas, 1998;Wright et al, 2001;Kantzas et al, 2001;Kantzas, 1994;Holoboff et al, 1995). The main focus of the work conducted by these individuals is the behaviour of the gas phase in the solid beds, phenomena such as bubble growth and splitting, as well as the effect of gas distribution, temperature, and pressure.…”

Section: X-ray Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our laboratory, we have developed and used non-invasive measurement techniques such as multiple radioactive particle tracking (MRPT), digital fl uoroscopy (DF), computed tomography (CT) and wall pressure fl uctuations to examine fl ow phenomena of two-phase (air-solid) beds Kantzas et al, 2000;Wright et al, 2001;Schober et al, 2004) and threephase (air-water-solid) beds (Song, 2000).…”

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A Non-Invasive Hydrodynamic Study of Gas-Solid Fluidised Bed of Linear Low Density Polyethylene

Lee

Chandrasekaran

Hulme³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Chem. Eng.

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G as-solid fl uidised bed reactors are used for a variety of industrial applications ranging from coal gasifi cation to polymer and pharmaceutical production. Despite this widespread usage, gas-solid fl uidised column design is based on heuristics and on the behaviour of costly large-scale pilot plants. Such methods may lead to poor design of the reactor unit, which in turn can lead to diffi culties in operation and control, lost time, lost energy and poor effi ciency. By studying the hydrodynamic complexities of small-scale reactors it is hoped that steps, such as the construction and operation of large-scale models, can be optimised or even eliminated. Fluidised beds could then be designed based on fi rst principles, small scale experiments and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models based on experimental data from small scale units.In our laboratory, we have developed and used non-invasive measurement techniques such as multiple radioactive particle tracking (MRPT), digital fl uoroscopy (DF), computed tomography (CT) and wall pressure fl uctuations to examine fl ow phenomena of two-phase (air-solid) beds (Zarabi MEG Worley, Calgary, AB MEG Worley, Calgary, ABThere are several non-invasive techniques used to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid fl uidised bed reactors. In this study a two phase, gas-solid fl uidised bed consisting of air and a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) resin was examined. The polyethylene sample was composed of irregular, non-monosized particles ranging in size from 165 to 1500 µm. The experimental techniques used were digital fl uoroscopy and pressure fl uctuations. This study presents a comparison of the two-phase system experimental results and two-dimensional CFD simulation results. CFD packages FLUENT and MFIX were used.

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X-ray tomography of fluidized beds

Kantzas

2022

Industrial Tomography

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On the measurement of hydrodynamic properties of an air-polyethylene fluidized bed system

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis and Interpretation of Multiple Radioactive Particle Tracking Data on Laboratory Scale Air/Polyethylene Fluidized Beds

Analysis and Interpretation of Multiple Radioactive Particle Tracking Data on Laboratory Scale Air/Polyethylene Fluidized Beds

A Non-Invasive Hydrodynamic Study of Gas-Solid Fluidised Bed of Linear Low Density Polyethylene

X-ray tomography of fluidized beds

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