Objective
The primary purpose of this study is to examine changes in socioeconomic inequality in nutritional status (stunting and underweight) among children in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states.
Design
The study is based on the most recent two wave’s cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005-06 (NFHS-3) and 2015-16 (NFHS-4). The study used height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) of children as anthropometric indicators.
Setting
EAG states including Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh in India
Participants
The study includes a total of 11858 (NFHS-3) and 92630 (NFHS-4) children under five years
Result
The socioeconomic inequality in stunting remained unchanged in all EAG states. At the same time, the inequality in underweight decreased during 2005-2016. On decomposing, the factors contributing to socioeconomic inequality revealed that household wealth index, mother’s education, and mother’s nutritional status were the largest contributors to stunting (47%, 24%, and 8%) and underweight (51%, 21%, and 16%) respectively in 2015-16.
Conclusion
The study concluded the socioeconomic inequality in underweight among children under five years increased over the years in EAG states in India. Altogether, household wealth index, mother’s education, and mother’s nutritional status contributed to nearly 80% to inequality in stunting and 90% to inequality in underweight in 2015-16. Hence, efforts should be made to minimize the socioeconomic inequality in the nutritional status of children, particularly in EAG states in India.