“…However, according to a result in Le and Barden (2014), Log μ ( x i , q , β ) ( y i ) is well defined under some very mild conditions, which require that ∫ ℳ dist ℳ (p, y i ) 2 dp ( y i ) be finite and achieve a local minimum at μ ( x i , q, β ), where p ( y i ) is any finite measure of y i on ℳ. Thus, Log μ ( x i , q , β ) ( y i ) makes it a good candidate to play the role of a ‘residual’.…”