We have synthesized anisotropic nickel phosphide nanocrystals, including triangular/hexagonal nanoplatelets, nanorods and nanowires, via a solution-phase synthetic method that uses nickel(II) acetylacetonate as a metal precursor and trioctylphosphine as a phosphorus source. Nickel phosphide nanoplatelets have been prepared from a one-pot reaction, and their dimensions in the length mostly vary from 20 to 50 nm, while their thicknesses are in a narrow range of 7-9 nm. Nickel phosphide nanorods with a width of approximately 6 nm and a typical length of 25-32 nm can be synthesized from either the one-pot reaction or the multi-injection approach, although the latter can generate nanorods with a much higher uniformity. A continuous injection approach has been used to synthesize nanowires that have a typical width of approximately 6 nm and a length ranging from tens of nanometers up to several hundred nanometers. Major factors that influence the growth of nickel phosphide nanocrystals have been investigated, and a multi-surfactant system is found to be essential for the formation of anisotropic nanostructure. Magnetic studies have revealed paramagnetic characteristics for all the synthesized samples.