On the locus of the Tulving retrograde amnesia effect

Fisk, Arthur D.; Wickens, Delos D.

doi:10.3758/bf03329383

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…In the literature, similar detrimental effects for detail information preceding or succeeding the emotion-eliciting event (cf. retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia) have been shown in numerous other laboratory studies (Bond & Kirkpatrick, 1982;Brenner, 1973;Christianson & Nilsson, 1984;Detterman, 1975Detterman, , 1976Detterman & Ellis, 1972;Ellis, Detterman, Runcie, McCarver, & Craig, 1971;Erdelyi & Blumenthal, 1973;Fisk & Wickens, 1979;Kramer et al, 1991;Runcie & O'Bannon, 1977;Saufley & Winograd, 1970;Schultz, 1971;Tulving, 1969). Note, however, that in all of these studies, demonstrating laboratoryinduced retrograde or anterograde amnesia effects, the critical emotion-eliciting event (i.e., the amnesic agent) is remembered very well and typically shows a von Restorff effect (improved memory performance on a single distinctive item embedded in the middle of a serial list, see Wallace, 1965).…”

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review.

Christianson

1992

Psychological Bulletin

921

737

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The eyewitness literature often claims that emotional stress leads to an impairment in memory and, hence, that details of unpleasant emotional events are remembered less accurately than details of neutral or everyday events. A common assumption behind this view is that a decrease in available processing capacity occurs at states of high emotional arousal, which, therefore, leads to less efficient memory processing. The research reviewed here shows that this belief is overly simplistic. Current studies demonstrate striking interactions between type of event, type of detail information, time of test, and type of retrieval information. This article also reviews the literature on memory for stressful events with respect to two major theories: the Yerkes-Dodson law and Easter-brook's cue-utilization hypothesis. To account for the findings from real-life studies and laboratory studies, this article discusses the possibility that emotional events receive some preferential processing mediated by factors related to early perceptual processing and late conceptual processing.

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Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review.

Christianson

1992

Psychological Bulletin

921

737

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High-priority event instructions affect implicit and explicit memory tests

Guynn

Roediger

1995

Psychol. Res

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Previous work has shown that instructing subjects to give special priority to one target event in a list enhances recall for that event, but impairs recall for the events immediately preceding it (Tulving, 1969). We examined the benefit of high-priority instructions, and the retrograde amnesia for previous items, in three experiments that included two explicit tests of memory (free recall and cued recall with word-stem cues) and an implicit test (word-stem completion). Experiments 1 and 2 revealed a beneficial effect of high-priority instructions on memory for the target events in both free recall and primed word-stem completion. Retrograde amnesia for previous events was either absent (Experiment 1) or modest (Experiment 2) in free recall; however, no evidence for amnesia occurred on the implicit test. In Experiment 3, we asked if the benefit of high-priority instructions on the implicit test was due to contamination from intentional recollection, by employing the logic of the retrieval-intentionality criterion via a levels-of-processing manipulation. The results showed a beneficial effect of high-priority instructions on free recall, word-stem cued recall, and word-stem completion. Level of processing affected the two explicit tests, but not the implicit test, indicating that it induced incidental retrieval. We conclude that the benefit of high-priority instructions occurred on all three tests used in these experiments. In contrast, the phenomenon of retrograde amnesia occurred in free recall, but not in primed word-stem completion.

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Distraction, amnesia, and the next-in-line effect

Bond

Kirkpatrick

1982

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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On the locus of the Tulving retrograde amnesia effect

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review.

Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review.

High-priority event instructions affect implicit and explicit memory tests

Distraction, amnesia, and the next-in-line effect

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