On the linearity of the relationship between the sound pressure level and the negative peak amplitude of the differentiated glottal flow in vowel production

Alku, Paavo; Vintturi, Juha; Vilkman, Erkki

doi:10.1016/s0167-6393(99)00020-5

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The change in the glottal flow waveform shape is also linked to the energy contents of the spectrum. The phonatory register after the knee contains stronger partials near the first formant region than the softer phonation before the knee [13]. This has been found to increase SPL [4].…”

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In earlier papers [13,15], it was shown, however, that the slope of the modelling line was different for soft and normal intensity phonations. Actually, it seemed that some other function than a linear one would better depict the relationship between d min and SPL over the whole dynamic range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The change can be seen as a knee at about 70 dB in the scattergram presentation [13,15]. This difference is most probably linked to a change in the vibratory mode of the vocal folds, i.e.…”

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inverse filtering methods are based either on the oral flow signal obtained by using a mask [8] or on the acoustic pressure waveform obtained by a microphone in a free field outside the mouth [9]. The most significant factor correlating with intensity is the negative peak amplitude of the first derivative of the glottal flow waveform (d min ), which is also called the maximum flow declination rate [10][11][12][13]. It corresponds to the main excitation of the vocal tract [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

Vilkman

Alku²,

Vintturi

2002

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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In the first part of the study, the subjects (4 females, 4 males) produced sustained breathy, normal and pressed types of phonation. The maximum AC flow (f_ac) and the negative peak amplitude (d_min) of the first derivative of the glottal flow were extracted from glottal volume velocity waveforms estimated by inverse filtering. The ratio between f_ac and d_min (amplitude quotient, AQ), which gives an estimate of the closing time of the glottal flow, and its normalised version (NAQ) were computed. The NAQ values correlated strongly with the closing quotient of glottal flow. In the second part of the study, the aim was to investigate the dynamic extremes of the human voice in terms of F₀, SPL, f_ac, d_min, AQ and NAQ as well as the intraoral pressure (p) used for subglottal pressure estimation. Eleven normal subjects (5 females, 6 males) participated in this experiment. The subjects started with the production of soft phonation (approximately 55 dB at 40 cm) and increased their vocal intensity at 5-dB steps up to the level of 105 dB. At the analysis stage, the voice samples were divided into three categories: soft (<70 dB), normal (70–90 dB) and loud (>90 dB). In soft and normal phonation, intensity change was correlated with changes in the shape of the glottal flow waveform, whereas the loud voice samples showed a large increase in F₀ and p values. At the loudest extreme, d_min approached its maximum and AQ its minimum values and NAQ started to rise. In terms of the NAQ values of stressed syllables, the type of phonation was breathy in the soft intensity category, whereas in the normal and loud intensity categories it was within the range of the pressed type of phonation of sustained phonation samples.

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Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The change can be seen as a knee at about 70 dB in the scattergram presentation [13,15]. This difference is most probably linked to a change in the vibratory mode of the vocal folds, i.e.…”

Section: Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

Vilkman

Alku²,

Vintturi

2002

Folia Phoniatr Logop

Self Cite

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“…Thereafter IS can still rise together with glottal closing speed. SPL control seems to follow different patterns at low, medium and high sound levels [33,34] . Thus, the role of IS as a loading factor is also supposed to differ in phonation at different sound levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electroglottogram-Based Estimation of Vocal Economy: ‘Quasi-Output-Cost Ratio’

Laukkanen

Mäki²,

Leppänen³

2009

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Impact stress (IS) has been regarded as the main loading factor in voice production. To quantify the cost of voice production, an output-cost ratio (OCR) was proposed, which concerns acoustic output (pressure P) in relation to IS: OCR = 20 log P_sup/P₀ – 20 log IS/IS₀ [1,2]. IS is difficult to measure directly in humans. However, it has been found to correlate with closed quotient (CQ, closed time/period length) measured by electroglottogram (CQ_EGG) [3]. The present study proposes a noninvasive estimate of OCR, the quasi-output-cost ratio (QOCR): (sound pressure level (SPL)/CQ_EGG) × (period length (T)/T₀). T₀ is set at 0.005 for females and 0.01 for males, corresponding to the respective period lengths of the mean F₀ in female and male speech (i.e. 200 and 100 Hz). QOCR was tested for 62 healthy females (23 teachers, 18 university students with voice training and 21 without). The teachers had a higher QOCR than the students in loud speech, but QOCR did not correlate with symptoms of vocal fatigue after a vocal loading test. QOCR seems to be a promising tool to quantify vocal loading but naturally not vocal loadedness.

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Biophysics of Vocal Production in Mammals

Herbst

2016

Vertebrate Sound Production and Acoustic Communication

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On the linearity of the relationship between the sound pressure level and the negative peak amplitude of the differentiated glottal flow in vowel production

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

Dynamic Extremes of Voice in the Light of Time Domain Parameters Extracted from the Amplitude Features of Glottal Flow and Its Derivative

Electroglottogram-Based Estimation of Vocal Economy: ‘Quasi-Output-Cost Ratio’

Biophysics of Vocal Production in Mammals

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