On the limited validity of reciprocity in measured BRDFs

Kriebel, K.T.

doi:10.1016/0034-4257(96)00033-8

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Since the nonreciprocal behavior of the radiation tions of Kriebel [1996] and Loeb and Davies [1997]. Un-field depends on measurement resolution, then so do fortunately, it is at large zenith angles where reciprocity ADMs in general.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In section 3 these propositions are illustrated by examples from Monte Carlo simulations applied to heterogeneous cloud fields. Kriebel [1996] has also observed that radiance measurements of natural Earth surfaces do not obey reciprocity. Since he was concerned with measurements taken near the Earth's surface, he examined the role of the diffuse sky radiation as a possible explanation for the nonreciprocal nature of the observed radiances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reinfly, the application of reciprocity to reflected solar radiation measurements has been used to fill in missing data values in the generation of angular dependence models (ADMs) that describe the anisotropy of the upwelling radiation field over a particular scene type [e.g., Kriebel, 1996;Suttles et al, 1988]. It has also been suggested that ADMs should be modified to obey reciprocity [e.g., Green et al, 1990] or that the observations should be constrained to fit a particular reciprocal ADM [e.g., Rahman et al, 1993].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Apparent breakdown of reciprocity in reflected solar radiances

Girolamo¹,

Várnai²,

Davies³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract.Observations of reflected solar radiation measurements from natural surfac• (e.g., clouds and forested biomes) are often noted as disobeying the principle of reciprocity. In these contexts the application of reciprocity has been in its directional form. We note that the general principle of reciprocity also encompasses spatial attributes and reduces to a directional form only when the areas of illumination and measurement are the same. In either form a proper reciprocal set of reflected solar radiation measurements can never be obtained due to our inability to control the area illuminated by the Sun. This may appear as a breakdown in the directional reciprocity of the observations, which has serious implications for remote sensing. Using Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the apparent reciprocity breakdown depends on three factors:(1) measurement resolution, with larger deviations occurring for higher resolutions; (2) Sun-view geometry, with larger deviations occurring for larger Sun/view zenith angles and differences between Sun and view angles; and (3) the distribution of scatterers within and surrounding the measurement area, making the deviations depend on scene type.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Apparent breakdown of reciprocity in reflected solar radiances

Girolamo¹,

Várnai²,

Davies³

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The first property implies that the BRDF depends only on relative azimuth. As mentioned by Kriebel et al [1996], it holds as long as the surface has no strong linear structure. The principle of reciprocity follows from theoretical considerations [e.g., DeHoop, 1960].…”

Section: Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They prove that the BRDF of structural surfaces is reciprocal as long as reflection from the surface primary element is reciprocal, which is generally true [Snyder, 1998]. Although Kriebel [1996] raised the question of the validity of reciprocity in experiments, he has only shown that the possible deviations are small.…”

Section: Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%