Instead of approaches of solid mechanics or a formal description of experimental data an interdisciplinary approach is proposed to consider failure and deformation as thermodynamic processes. Mathematical modeling of the processes is carried out using rheological models of the material. One fracture criterion is used, that formally corresponds to the achievement of a threshold concentration of micro-damage in any volume of the material. The prediction of the durability of materials under constant or variable temperature and force conditions is performed by time steps, including situations with changes in the material structure. Calculations of durability of structural components are based on the relationship of plastic flow and failure processes distributed over the volume of the material.