On the kinetics of structural relaxation in metallic glasses

Beukel, A. van den; Radelaar, S.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(83)90219-5

Cited by 225 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Second, taking the experimental molar heat of structural relaxation Q µ and calculating the number of defects per mole, N µ = ∆cN A , (∆c is the averaged number of defects annealed out during structural relaxation, N A the Avogadro number), one can determine the heat of structural relaxation per defect, Q d = Q µ /N µ . On the other hand, one can calculate the interstitialcy formation enthalpy using Equation (12). Table 1 illustrates a remarkable similarity between the heat of structural relaxation per defect Q d and interstitialcy formation enthalpy H: the difference between these quantities is less than 4%.…”

Section: Rt Xmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Since the density is increasing upon structural relaxation of initial MGs below T g , it is widely believed that elementary structural relaxation events take place in the regions of smaller local density, i.e., in the regions containing some excess "free volume" [4,9,12,13]. In spite of the fact that the "free volume" has no clear theoretical definition, as repeatedly mentioned in the literature (e.g., [17,85]), and the application of this concept to the interpretation of experimental data sometimes leads to evident inconsistencies [16,77], the free volume-based notions still remain quite popular [4,11,15,86].…”

Section: Interstitialcies Free Volume and Enthalpy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most often, structural relaxation is interpreted within the framework of the "free volume" approach, which dates back to the ideas of Doolittle [6], Turnbull and Cohen [7,8], and was later conceptually adopted by Spaepen [9] and Argon [10] to MGs. The free volume model was numerously modified to better describe the property changes [5,[11][12][13][14]. This model has both advantages (e.g., [4,15]) and drawbacks (e.g., [16,17]), which are, however, beyond the scope of the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Khonik

2015

Metals

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A review of the new approach to the understanding of the structural relaxation of metallic glasses based on the Interstitialcy theory has been presented. The key hypothesis of this theory proposed by Granato consists of the statement that the thermodynamic properties of crystalline, liquid and glassy states are closely related to the interstitial defects in the dumbbell (split) configuration, called also interstitialcies. It has been argued that structural relaxation of metallic glasses takes place through a change of the concentration of interstitialcy defects frozen-in from the melt upon glass production. Because of a strong interstitialcy-induced shear softening, the defect concentration can be precisely monitored by measurements of the unrelaxed shear modulus. Depending on the relation between the current interstitialcy concentration c and interstitialcy concentration in the metastable equilibrium, different types of structural relaxation (decreasing or increasing c) can be observed. It has been shown that this approach leads to a correct description of the relaxation kinetics at different testing conditions, heat effects occurring upon annealing, shear softening and a number of other structural relaxation-induced phenomena in metallic glasses. An intrinsic relation of these phenomena with the anharmonicity of the interatomic interaction has been outlined. A generalized form of the interstitialcy approach has been reviewed.

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Section: Rt Xmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Interstitialcies Free Volume and Enthalpy Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Khonik

2015

Metals

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“…By thermal cycling, the annealing induced relaxation can be separated into reversible and irreversible components and has been interpreted by chemical short range ordering (CSRO) and topological short range ordering (TSRO) respectively [21,22]. The former was explained by the activation energy spectrum, while the latter was explained in terms of free volume theory [21].…”

Section: T T T Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models

Liu

Pineda

Crespo

2015

Metals

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Relaxation phenomena in glasses are a subject of utmost interest, as they are deeply connected with their structure and dynamics. From a theoretical point of view, mechanical relaxation allows one to get insight into the different atomic-scale processes taking place in the glassy state. Focusing on their possible applications, relaxation behavior influences the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. This paper reviews the present knowledge on mechanical relaxation of metallic glasses. The features of primary and secondary relaxations are reviewed. Experimental data in the time and frequency domain is presented, as well as the different models used to describe the measured relaxation spectra. Extended attention is paid to dynamic mechanical analysis, as it is the most important technique allowing one to access the mechanical relaxation behavior. Finally, the relevance of the relaxation behavior in the mechanical properties of metallic glasses is discussed.

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“…Since volume decreases as a result of structural relaxation, it is often interpreted in terms of decrease in free-volume. [32] However, volume decrease is only a part of the entire array of properties that change as a result of structural relaxation. [33] Whereas the change in volume is quite small, usually of the order of a few tenths of a percent, the heat released by relaxation is a substantial portion of the heat of crystallization.…”

Section: Structural Relaxation In Bulk Metallic Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Mechanics of Metallic Glasses and Liquids

Egami

Levashov

Morris

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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It is difficult to formulate the statistical mechanical theory of liquids and glasses, because phonons, which are the basis for the statistical mechanics of lattice dynamics in crystals, are strongly scattered and have a very short lifetime in liquids and glasses. Instead computer simulation and the ''free-volume'' theory are most frequently used in explaining experimental results on metallic glasses. However, both of them suffer from serious problems, as discussed in this article. We propose an alternative approach based upon the dynamics of the atomic level stresses. We review recent progress with this approach and show that it is possible to calculate thermodynamic quantities, including the glass transition temperature and the kinetics of structural relaxation, by this approach.

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On the kinetics of structural relaxation in metallic glasses

Cited by 225 publications

References 17 publications

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models

Statistical Mechanics of Metallic Glasses and Liquids

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