On the kinetics of LME for the ferritic–martensitic steel T91 immersed in liquid PbBi eutectic

Behavior of the Steel T91 under Multi Axial Loading in Contact with Liquid and Solid Pb

“…From this assumption, it could be deduced that the R1 test rate could be of the same order of magnitude as the LME crack growth rate, i.e., 10 −6 m/s. This value was in agreement with values of crack growth rates measured on Compact Tension specimens of the T91 in liquid Pb-Bi that showed LME at 300 • C [14].…”

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the tensile behaviors of SIMP steel in static lead bismuth eutectic

“…The phenomenon of LME is the drastic reduction in strength and ductility of original ductile solid metal in contact with special low melting point liquid metal directly [8][9][10][11].…”

Environmentally assisted cracking of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals

“…It would be worth evaluating the conditions of LME/ EAC initiation (stress, strain, strain rate) of the T91 in HLM applied in the previous and new type of experiments. In summary, the LME/EAC of the T91 was observed at 200°-350°C in LBE and at 350°-400°C in Pb by various authors (Lynch, 1988;Nicaise et al, 2001;Auger et al, 2004;Van den Bosch et al, 2006;Di Gabriele et al, 2008;Long & Dai, 2008;Vogt et al, 2008;Van den Bosch et al, 2009;Coen et al, 2010;Auger et al, 2011;Gorse et al, 2011;Hojná & Di Gabriele, 2011;Martin et al, 2012;Gong et al, 2015;Hojná et al, 2015;Magielsen et al, 2015;Hojná et al, 2016;Stergar et al, 2016;Di Gabriele et al, 2017;Hojná et al, 2018a,b,c;Serre et al, 2018). Most of the earlier papers evaluated the sensitivity from test specimen rupture, but did not specify the conditions of the LME/EAC initiation.…”

“…The paper deals with the 9% Cr F/M steel T91, which used to be one of the best candidates for LFR internal structures, owing to its very good strength, toughness, resistance to the radiation, and oxidation/dissolution in HLM. However, suitability of the T91 was questioned due to its indicated sensitivity to cracking in HLM, namely, LBE and Pb, based on data from laboratory testing (Nicaise et al, 2001;Auger et al, 2004;Van den Bosch et al, 2006;Di Gabriele et al, 2008;Long & Dai, 2008;Vogt et al, 2008;Coen et al, 2010;Auger et al, 2011;Gorse et al, 2011;Hojná & Di Gabriele, 2011;Gong et al, 2015;Hojná et al, 2015;Stergar et al, 2016;Di Gabriele et al, 2017). (Martín et al, 2004;Heinzel et al, 2014;Schroer et al, 2014b), 304L (Martín et al, 2004), 1.4970 (Heinzel et al, 2014)], F/M (T91, E911 (Aiello et al, 2004a;Schroer et al, 2014a;Tsisar et al, 2017;Yurechko et al, 2018)], and martensitic steels (F82H (Martín et al, 2004), 56T5 (Deloffre et al, 2002)) exposed to LBE as a function of temperature (A) and time (B).…”

“…The testing of materials should preferably address the synergistic effects of the HLM environment with specific oxygen content, flow rate, temperature, and stress up to the levels allowed in operational design. However, in most of the previous studies, performance of the T91 under stress in HLM, namely, in LBE (Auger et al, 2004;Van den Bosch et al, 2006;Di Gabriele et al, 2008;Long & Dai, 2008;Vogt et al, 2008;Coen et al, 2010;Auger et al, 2011;Gorse et al, 2011;Hojná & Di Gabriele, 2011;Gong et al, 2015;Stergar et al, 2016), and also in Pb (Nicaise et al, 2001;Hojná et al, 2015;Di Gabriele et al, 2017) was studied under the out-ofdesign conditions, i.e. in static HLM containing too low or too high oxygen, and with high stresses and plastic strains applied, and mechanical testing after long-term exposure in dynamic LBE with oxygen content below the design level was also performed (Aiello et al, 2004b).…”