On The Javanese Ethnoastronomy: Time Dimension on the Calendrical Inscriptions on Majapahit Era until Now

Abstract

The Saka calendrical inscriptions recorded the time journey in its own specific way, such as the use of suklapaksa and kresnapaksa, equipped with saptawara, pancawara and sadwara day names. At the next stage, it is addedd with wuku. During the Majapahit era, the time dimensional recording was expanded to include such elements as naksatra, yoga, karaṇa, muhūrta, dewatā, grahacāra, parweśa, mandala, and rāśi. This article traces the journey of usage of these time dimensions and completes it with the sculpture samples in some inscriptions from Majapahit era or after, and proposes it as the archipelago’s ethnoastronomy.

The Existence of Indigenous Knowledge and Local Landslide Mitigation: A Case Study of Banyumas People in Gununglurah Village, Central Java, Indonesia

“…As mentioned in the previous study, pranata mangsa is used as a calendar for the crop and for the planning, scheduling, and organizing of agricultural activities [37,76]. Historically, this traditional crop almanac was applied in Javanese during the Majapahit period (around 700 AD) until the Mataram Kingdom period (about 1800 AD) for agriculture systems and water management [77,78]. Then, this traditional crop calendar was introduced during Dutch colonialism, and the Kultuurstelsel (the cultivation system was a Dutch government strategy applied in East Indies colony [currently Indonesia] during period of the 19th century) was forcedly implemented [79].…”

Arithmatics in Serat Centhini

“…At that time, Sunan Giri was conquered by Prince Pekik from Surabaya, on the orders of the Sultan Agung. Jayengresmi, accompanied by two students named Gathak and Gathuk, traveled/spiritual practice around the Majapahit palace to Blitar, Gamprang, Lodhaya forest, Tuban, Bojonegoro, Bagor forest, Gambirlaya, Mount Padham, Dhandher village, Kasanga, Sela, Gubug Merapi, Mount Prawata, Demak, Mount Muria, Pekalongan, Mount Panegaran, Mount Mandhalawangi, Tanah Pasundan, Bogor, the former palace of Pajajaran, Mount Salak, and then arrived in Karang (Prabowo, 2019).…”