On the iron-catalysed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes and encapsulated metal particles in the gas phase

Bladh, K.; Falk, L.K.L.; Rohmund, F.

doi:10.1007/s003390050053

Cited by 113 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…4. Except for Fe 10 and Fe 15 , the diameters of the cluster and the SWNT are similar. This is due to the strong attraction between the Fe cluster atoms and the bond-unsaturated C atoms at the graphitic cap edges.…”

Section: Effect Of Metal Cluster Size On Swnt Structure and Diametermentioning

confidence: 76%

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Molecular dynamics study of the catalyst particle size dependence on carbon nanotube growth

Ding

Rosén

Bolton

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

190

135

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The molecular dynamics method, based on an empirical potential energy surface, was used to study the effect of catalyst particle size on the growth mechanism and structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The temperature for nanotube nucleation (800-1100 K), which occurs on the surface of the cluster, is similar to that used in catalyst chemical vapor deposition experiments, and the growth mechanism, which is described within the vapor-liquid-solid model, is the same for all cluster sizes studied here (iron clusters containing between 10 and 200 atoms were simulated). Large catalyst particles, that contain at least 20 iron atoms, nucleate SWNTs and have a far better tubular structure than SWNTs nucleated from smaller clusters. In addition, the SWNTs that grow from the larger clusters have diameters that are similar to the cluster diameter, whereas the smaller clusters, which have diameters less than 0.5 nm, nucleate nanotubes that are approximately 0.6-0.7 nm in diameter. This is in agreement with the experimental observations that SWNT diameters are similar to the catalyst particle diameter, and that the narrowest free-standing SWNT is 0.6-0.7 nm.

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Section: Effect Of Metal Cluster Size On Swnt Structure and Diametermentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The catalyst particles, which are typically between 1 and 100 nm in diameter, can be on a substrate 9 or can 'float' in a gas 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics study of the catalyst particle size dependence on carbon nanotube growth

Ding

Rosén

Bolton

2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

190

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This method helped to increase the yield of SWNTs, though higher concentrations gave amorphous carbon overcoating or required lower production temperatures. In other works, a mixture of benzene and ferrocene [108], metallocenes in an admixture with C 2 H 2 [118], CO and CO/H 2 [119] or Fe(C 5 H 5 ) 2 [120] was suggested as a carbon feedstock. Moreover, ultralong SWNTs of 10-20 cm length have been synthesised by Zhu et al using a hexane solution of ferrocene and thiophene with hydrogen as the carrier gas [121].…”

Section: High-pressure Carbon Monoxide Reaction (Hipco)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess both remarkable optical properties and high potential for integration in various photonic devices. We overview, here, recent progress in CNT applications in fibre optics putting particular emphasis on fibre lasers. We discuss fabrication and characterisation of different CNTs, development of CNTbased saturable absorbers (CNT-SA), their integration and operation in fibre laser cavities putting emphasis on stateof-the-art fibre lasers, mode locked using CNT-SA. We discuss new design concepts of high-performance ultrafast operation fibre lasers covering ytterbium (Yb), bismuth (Bi), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and holmium (Ho)-doped fibre lasers.

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“…The controlled synthesis single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) have received much attention over the past decade including different methods, such as laser vaporization, DC arc discharge, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) . Among these, a continuous CVD synthetic method, in which SWNTs are grown in a flowing gaseous feedstock mixture, was developed to provide a mass-production method of SWNTs [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Compared with SWNTs, DWNTs were firstly produced as the dominant products by the arc discharge technique with a catalyst mixture of Ni, Co, Fe, and S [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable preparation and properties of single-/double-walled carbon nanotubes

Xie

Ci³

et al. 2005

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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In this paper, we discussed recent studies done in our laboratories with a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. We can grow single-or double-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs/DWNTs) with different kinds of catalysts. Single-walled carbon nanotubes without amorphous carbon coating were prepared by thermally decomposing acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) at the temperature range of 750-1200 8C with ferrocene as catalyst. While with sulfur promoted ferrocene catalyst, double-walled carbon nanotubes were mass-produced by pyrolizing C 2 H 2 at the temperature range of 900-1100 8C. Furthermore, tunable growth of DWNTs with different diameter was achieved in our experiment. It is found that DWNTs produced at lower carbon partial pressure have much smaller inner tubes, even DWNTs with the smallest inner diameter of 0.4 nm was found in here. As convenient and effective tool, radial breathing mode (RBM) of Raman scattering technique can be used to distinguish SWNTs from DWNTs. In further studies of Raman scattering with DWNTs, the possible match of the inner tubes and the outer tubes according to the RBM bands was assigned, and different chirality types were discussed according to the diameter and chirality dependence of resonant Raman vibration. We also investigated the temperature-dependent frequency shift of resonant Raman spectra of DWNTs in the range of 78-650 K. We found that different RBM peaks, which are relative to different tube diameters, have different temperature coefficient of frequency shift, and the larger diameter carbon nanotubes have more RBM frequency downshift with increasing temperature. It is ascribed to the RBM frequency variation to the temperature dependence of the stretching force constant of C-C bond. Besides, Polarized Raman spectra were preformed on well-aligned SWNTs structure fabricated through post-growth method and found that the angular dependence of Raman intensity is consistent well with the predictions of the resonance Raman theory. q

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On the iron-catalysed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes and encapsulated metal particles in the gas phase

Cited by 113 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular dynamics study of the catalyst particle size dependence on carbon nanotube growth

Molecular dynamics study of the catalyst particle size dependence on carbon nanotube growth

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

Controllable preparation and properties of single-/double-walled carbon nanotubes

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