On the interpretation of feeding behaviour measures and the use of feeding rate as an indicator of social constraint

Nielsen, Birte L.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(99)00003-9

Cited by 170 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Daily intake is the product of the number of meals the cow consumes each day and the amount of feed consumed in each meal (Tolkamp et al 2000). Changes in the components of meal patterns can result in an increase or decrease in daily DMI (Nielsen 1999). Of the components of meal patterns in our experiment, meal size caused the largest impact on DMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of diet and parity on meal patterns of lactating dairy cows

Beauchemin¹,

Maekawa²,

Christensen³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2002. Effect of diet and parity on meal patterns of lactating dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 82: 215-223. Four multiparous and four primiparous lactating dairy cows housed in stalls were used in a double 4 × 4 Latin square to determine the effect of parity and diet on meal patterns. Cows were fed one of four diets: three total mixed rations containing 40, 50, or 60% barley silage on a dry matter (DM) basis, and a diet in which forage and concentrate were allocated separately (SI) containing 50% concentrate. Dry matter intake was similar for all diets (18.2 ± 0.6 kg d -1 ), as were the number of meals per day (10 ± 1 meals d -1 ) and meal duration (35 ± 3 min meal -1 ). Meal size was larger (5.2 vs. 1.1 or 1.9 kg DM meal -1 ), and eating rate was faster (0.265 vs. 0.053 or 0.034 kg DM min -1 ) when cows consumed concentrate, compared with silage or TMR, respectively. Meal size of TMR, silage or concentrate was positively related to DM intake (r = 0.82, 0.76, and 0.98; respectively). For cows consuming TMR, the number of meals per day was negatively related to DM intake (r = -0.41). Dry matter intake increased when meal size increased, primarily as a result of longer meals and, to a lesser extent, faster eating rate. Feeding management had little effect on meal patterns. Multiparous cows tended to eat more in each meal compared with primiparous cows, but both groups spent the same amount of time eating per meal. . La prise de matière sèche était identique dans tous les cas (18,2 ± 0,6 kg par jour), comme le nombre de repas par jour (10 ± 1) et la durée du repas (35 ± 3 minutes par repas). Les portions étaient plus importantes (5,2 c. 1,1 ou 1,9 kg MS par repas) et la consommation plus rapide (0,265 c. 0,053 ou 0,034 kg MS par minute) chez les vaches nourries de concentré que chez celles recevant de l'ensilage ou une RTM, respectivement. On a établi une corrélation positive entre la grosseur de la portion de RTM, d'ensilage ou de concentré et l'absorption de MS (r = 0,82, 0,76 et 0,98, respectivement). Chez les vaches nourries de RTM, on remarque une corrélation négative entre le nombre quotidien de repas et l'absorption de MS (r = -0,41). La prise de matière sèche augmente avec la grosseur de la portion, principalement parce que le repas dure plus longtemps et, dans une moindre mesure, parce que les animaux mangent plus vite. La gestion du régime n'a pas une grande incidence sur les habitudes alimentaires. Les vaches multipares ont tendance (P = 0,17) à consommer plus que les vaches primipares à chaque repas, mais les deux groupes passent autant de temps à manger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of diet and parity on meal patterns of lactating dairy cows

Beauchemin¹,

Maekawa²,

Christensen³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Reduced eating rate has been associated with reduced feeding motivation (Nielsen, 1999), suggesting reduced palatability, as was the case when the buffer was fed alone free-choice (Keunen et al, 2003). However, if low palatability was responsible for the reduction in feed intake, then eating rate, meal size and DMI should have been reduced from the beginning of the feeding cycle, which did not occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

González

Ferret

Manteca

et al. 2008

Animal

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Four Holstein heifers (264 6 12 kg initial BW) were used in a 4 3 4 Latin square design with 21-day experimental periods to determine the effect of increasing levels of sodium bicarbonate (BICARB) (0%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%, of concentrate dry matter (DM) basis) on chewing and feed intake behavior when fed high-concentrate diets. Concentrate (13.41% CP, 13.35% NDF) and barley straw were fed once a day at 0830 h ad libitum. Feed bunks placed on scales and video recording were used to measure 24-h feed intake and chewing behavior, respectively. The patterns of feeding behavior (feed intake, meal size and length) and chewing behavior (eating, ruminating and total chewing) were studied by dividing the day into 12 intervals of 2-h each, beginning at feeding (interval 1 through 12). Number of meals per day and eating rate decreased linearly with increasing buffer level, but meal length increased linearly. No treatment effects were observed in sum of daily meal lengths or average meal size. The treatment 3 interval interaction was significant on meal size, length and feed intake. The size and length of those meals occurring during the 4 h post-feeding increased linearly. However, meal size tended to decrease in the evening between 8 and 12 h, whereas feed intake decreased linearly from 6 to 10 h and from 12 to 14 h post-feeding. Buffer concentration did not affect the percentage of time spent ruminating, eating or drinking per day but the buffer level 3 interval interaction was significant. Time spent eating expressed as min per kg of DM or organic matter (OM) intake increased linearly with buffer levels. Proportion of time spent eating increased linearly during the intervals between 0 and 4 h post-feeding. Time spent ruminating decreased linearly during the 2 h post-feeding, and also in the evening from 12 to 14 h, and at night from 18 to 22 h post-feeding, but the effect was quadratic between 8 and 10 h when intermediate buffer levels showed the greatest ruminating time. Time spent drinking decreased linearly from 6 to 8 h but increased during the 2 h following feeding and from 10 to 12 h post-feeding. Daily eating rate and meal frequency decreased linearly as the buffer level increased, but average meal size and daily chewing times were not affected. However, significant time of the day 3 buffer level interactions were observed for feed intake, meal size and length and chewing behavior.

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“…A high level of hunger is often associated with a faster intake of food (Nielsen, 1999). In the Feeding Rate test, birds on feed C1 ate more feed during the test than birds on the other two feeds, suggesting that these birds were hungrier at their usual feeding time (i.e.…”

Section: Hunger Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

Nielsen

Thodberg

Malmkvist

et al. 2011

Animal

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With a view to alleviate the feeling of hunger in broiler breeders, different types of fibre sources were used in high-fibre diets to increase feed quantity while limiting growth to industry recommended levels. Using scatter feeding, three diets (C1: commercial control diet, 1 3 fibre content, 80% insoluble fibre (ISF); H2: 2 3 fibre content, 89% ISF; and L2: 2 3 fibre content, 71% ISF) were each fed to 10 groups of 16 broiler breeder chickens. Similar growth rates were obtained on different quantities of food with all birds reaching commercial target weight at 15 weeks of age. In a hunger test, birds fed C1 ate significantly faster and showed a higher compensatory feed intake than birds on diets H2 and L2, indicating that the two high-fibre diets did reduce the level of hunger experienced by the birds. Behavioural observations carried out at 14 weeks of age showed high levels of tail pecking in birds fed C1 and almost none in birds fed L2, whereas birds fed H2 were intermediate. Stereotypic pecking at fixtures was seen twice as frequently in birds fed C1. Birds on diet L2 displayed behavioural signs indicative of discomfort, and the high water usage on this diet created problems with litter quality. Birds on diet H2 continued to show foraging behaviour throughout the day, and were more frequently engaged in dust bathing and other comfort behaviour. This experiment indicates that high-fibre diets can alleviate the feeling of hunger currently experienced by broiler breeders, and a high ratio of ISF may improve the well-being of the birds.

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On the interpretation of feeding behaviour measures and the use of feeding rate as an indicator of social constraint

Cited by 170 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of diet and parity on meal patterns of lactating dairy cows

Effect of diet and parity on meal patterns of lactating dairy cows

Increasing sodium bicarbonate level in high-concentrate diets for heifers. II. Effects on chewing and feeding behaviors

Proportion of insoluble fibre in the diet affects behaviour and hunger in broiler breeders growing at similar rates

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