On the interaction of mesoscale eddies and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal

Extreme Sea-Surface Cooling Induced by Eddy Heat Advection During Tropical Cyclone in the North Western Pacific Ocean

“…SST cooling within a cold eddy reached −1.0 • C/day during TC Bailu, and this TC-eddy cooling then is advected to the position of wave glider, which observed the extreme cooling. Many previous studies have suggested TC-warm eddy interaction favors the enhancement of TC intensity, which enlarges the range of cold eddy (e.g., Prakash et al, 2021). The area of the neighbored cold eddy ranged from 1.3 to 1.6×10 11 m 2 (Figure 10A), suggesting that the extreme cooling might be induced by TC-warm eddy interaction and the advection of cold eddy.…”

“…Subsurface eddies may form when cooling surface water is subducted to the thermocline (Gordon et al, 2017), and a TC may also induce upwelling and confine potential vorticity to the thermocline (Lu et al, 2016(Lu et al, , 2020. Prakash et al (2018) and Prakash et al (2021) found that cold eddy-TC interactions induced higher barrier layer thickness than warm eddy-TC interaction and no eddy case.…”

MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index

“…The physical characteristics and impacts of eddies, particular mesoscale eddies, are reasonably well understood, with studies of the eddy energetics (Cheng et al., 2013; du Toit & Marsden, 2010), air‐sea interactions (Morrison et al., 2013; Prakash et al., 2021; Roman‐Stork, Subrahmanyam, & Trott, 2019; Trott et al., 2019), and storm implications (Jaimes & Shay, 2009; Kumar & Chakraborty, 2011; Patnaik et al., 2014; Prakash et al., 2021; Sadhuram et al., 2012) becoming increasingly prolific. A recent study has even suggested that ocean eddies are among the major sources of heat transfer to the atmosphere (Su et al., 2018).…”

“…A recent study has even suggested that ocean eddies are among the major sources of heat transfer to the atmosphere (Su et al., 2018). The timing, placement, circulation, and intensity of eddies are well‐known to have influenced the strength and intensity of tropical cyclones (Jaimes & Shay, 2009; Kumar & Chakraborty, 2011; Patnaik et al., 2014; Prakash et al., 2021; Sadhuram et al., 2012), and can even help to determine the timing and strength of Indian Summer Monsoon onset (Neema et al., 2012; Roman‐Stork et al., 2020; Shankar et al., 2002; Shenoi et al., 1999). While eddy depth, amplitude, and circulation speed are frequently cited in determining the potential impact of these eddies, often in concert with some measure of sea surface temperature (SST), these parameters are rarely combined with other observations and are often restricted to focusing on eddy energetics while ignoring chemical or biological processes.…”

“…Eddies in the ocean transport physical ocean properties, sediment, and biological matter, such as phytoplankton, fish and coral larvae (Bakun, 2006; Chaigneau et al., 2009; Holland, 1978; McGillicuddy, 2016) and play an important role in nutrient cycling and transport (Bibby & Moore, 2011; Johnson et al., 2010; Karsetensen et al., 2017; Lee & Williams, 2000; Martin & Pondaven, 2003; McGillicuddy et al., 1998; Nagai et al., 2015; Salihoglu et al., 1990; Twining et al., 2010; Xiu et al., 2011; S. Zhang et al., 2018). They also feed back into air‐sea interactions and have been known to impact hurricane intensification (Jaimes & Shay, 2009; Kumar & Chakraborty, 2011; Patnaik et al., 2014; Prakash et al., 2021; Sadhuram et al., 2012) and are crucial for ship navigation and fisheries (Arur et al., 2014; Hsu et al., 2015). As such, monitoring and tracking these systems has become a major focus of research (Chaigneau et al., 2008, 2009; Chanut et al., 2008; Cui et al., 2016; Morrison et al., 2013; Pegliasco et al., 2015; Roman‐Stork, Subrahmanyam, & Trott, 2019; Santana et al., 2020).…”