On the Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Provenance on Its Usefulness for the Manufacture of ANFO Type Explosives

Biessikirski, A.; Kuterasiński, Łukasz; Dworzak, M.; Twardosz, Michał; Tatko, Maciej; Napruszewska, Bogna D.

doi:10.3390/en13184942

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…269-284 • C range. This endothermic peak was not present in [14,28], but it was identified in our past studies [22,30,31]. This peak could be derived from the fuel component and the result of the bond breakages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Biessikirski,

Gotovac Atlagić,

Pytlik

et al. 2024

Energies

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The article presents the results of the third research stage on the potential microstructured charcoal additives in ANFO. The charcoal powder was liquid adsorption-treated with Fe in various ratios. Adding MC-Fe to ANFO changed the exothermic peak’s position from ca. 280 °C to 250 °C due to lower activation energy, which influenced the kinetics of the reaction. Bruceton’s test indicated that the MC-Fe addition to ANFO resulted in ca. 10% lower initiation energy in comparison with pure ANFO. However, the energy level did not influence the potential applicability of the additives. The fumes analysis indicated a lower concentration of CO for all tested samples; however, the concentration of NOx rose. The thermodynamic calculations confirmed the experimental results, which could be explained by the increased positive oxygen balance. Moreover, all analyses showed that the most promising blasting properties referred to the ANFO sample containing the microstructured charcoal additive of a C:Fe ratio of 4:1. Therefore, further research will be dedicated to advanced studies between the chemical composition of this specific ANFO sample and its physicochemical and blasting properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Biessikirski,

Gotovac Atlagić,

Pytlik

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…In another work [ 62 ], we reported that the AN provenance (AN as fertilizer: AN-F vs. AN porous prill used in the mining industry: AN-PP) has a profound impact on the temperature of AN decomposition. AN-PP (applied in the undertaken research) is characterized by a lower decomposition temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variously Prepared Zeolite Y as a Modifier of ANFO

et al. 2022

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In the presented research, we investigated Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO), with the addition of variously modified zeolite Y as an attractive explosive. Analysis of both blasting tests and thermodynamic models of blasting properties led to the conclusion that the addition of zeolite Y enhanced the detonation properties of such prepared ANFO via the growth of the detonation pressure, temperature, compression energy, and heat of the explosion. Generally, the modification of ANFO with variously prepared zeolite Y also reduced the volume of (COx + NOx) post-blast fumes. Furthermore, it was found that the ANFO’s velocity of detonation (VOD) could be controlled by the choice of the way of zeolite Y modification. Namely, for zeolite Y without Mg, as well as Mg-Y prepared via the impregnation method, the VOD rose. The opposite effect was observed when ANFO was modified with Mg-Y, obtained from the deposition of Mg over zeolite Y via the ultrasonic-assisted procedure.

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“…Polyolefin-waste-derived pyrolysis fuel oils were also used as a substitute and it was checked as to whether they could be used as a fuel component for ANFO [6,7]. Another examined aspect was the influence of AN granulation [8] and porosity [9] on the thermal decomposition of ANFO. However, the influence of many organic compounds on the thermal stability of AN has not been clearly defined so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Acting Formation of an ANFO Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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On 2 October 2003 in Saint-Romain-en-Jarez (France) a fire in a farm building triggered an explosion in which 26 people were injured. Police investigation, based solely on an analysis of the effects and on general engineering knowledge, showed that the explosion was caused by an uncontrollably generated mixture of ammonium nitrate (AN) and molten plastic crates which formed an explosive mixture similar to ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO). This is the only commonly known example of an ammonium nitrate blast taking place at its end user destination. Is such an explanation of the incident plausible and could a similar blast possibly happen anywhere else? The experimental results support this thesis of French investigators but raise further doubts. Laboratory reconstruction of the self-acting process of generating the explosive material confirmed the investigators’ report. However, other materials at the incident site could have influenced the final outcome too. The lab-recreated explosion of a mixture of AN and molten plastic partially confirmed the report’s thesis.

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On the Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Provenance on Its Usefulness for the Manufacture of ANFO Type Explosives

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Influence of the Nano-Iron Oxide Adsorption-Enhanced Microstructured Charcoal Additives on the ANFO’s Properties

Variously Prepared Zeolite Y as a Modifier of ANFO

Self-Acting Formation of an ANFO Similar Type of Explosive under Fire Conditions: A Case Study

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