On the Influence of Pacific Ocean Temperatures on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Ocean Weather Station P

Hanson, Karen L.; Peterson, James T.; Namias, Jerome; Born, Robert M.; Wong, C. S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0905:otiopo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The cause of the CO2 anomalies has not been clear. Sea surface temperature (SST) changes in equatorial and temperate zones have been considered an explanation [Machta et al, 1977;Newell and Weare, 1977;Bacastow, 1979;Hanson et al, 1981], with propagation of the anomalies from source regions to other latitudes. But in the equatorial Pacific, an increase in CO2 released to the atmosphere from warmer waters should be offset by a CO2 decrease when the warm surface waters suppress the upwelling of cool, CO2-supersaturated deep ocean waters [Bacastow et al, 1980].…”

Section: Soi Is Shown As Illustrated Schematically Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

Komhyr¹,

Gammon²,

Harris³

et al. 1985

J. Geophys. Res.

192

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CO2 data obtained from discrete sampling during 1968–1982 at 23 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change and foreign cooperative stations are presented, together with a description of the measurement program and data quality. Monthly, seasonal, and annual CO2 concentrations are determined by the individual stations from select (background) data. Temporal and spatial global CO2 distributions yield annual and seasonal latitudinal gradients, abundances, airborne fractions, annual cycle amplitudes and phases, annual cycle amplitude growth rates, and global growth rate variations of CO2. The time‐series data sets reveal variations related to several El Niño/Southern Oscillation events, particularly with respect to the strength of the CO2 source in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and global CO2 growth rates. CO2 growth rate anomalies correlate highly with the Southern Oscillation Index, which is related to the strength of the easterly trade winds that blow along the equator.

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Section: Soi Is Shown As Illustrated Schematically Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

Komhyr¹,

Gammon²,

Harris³

et al. 1985

J. Geophys. Res.

192

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“…It remains to assess the interaction of atmospheric CO2 with the oceans. It is clear that atmospheric CO2 anomalies can be correlated to some degree with sea surface temperature (SST) patterns [Bacastow, 1976[Bacastow, , 1979Newell and Weare, 1977;Newell et al, 1978;Hanson et al, 1981;Schnell et al, 1981]; this reflects the chemical equilibria of seawater, which are such that colder water has greater capacity for dissolved CO2 than does warmer water [Garratt and Pearman, 1973]. Accordingly, an increase in the amplitude of the seasonal SST component would be consistent with the patterns seen in the CO2 data.…”

Section: Pearman and Hyson 1981] If Global Photosynthetic A•tivity mentioning

confidence: 99%

The seasonal component of atmospheric CO₂: Information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time series

Cleveland¹,

Freeny²,

Graedel³

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

100

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CO 2 concentration data in the atmosphere are widely known to possess a seasonal cycle, largely due to plant photosynthesis and respiration, superimposed upon an upward trend that is largely due to increasing fossil fueI use. In this paper we assess the information contained in the seasonal component of atmospheric CO 2 data by applying modern techniques of time series decomposition to monthly average CO 2 observations at three locations. At Mauna Loa and South Pole, which have the longest time series, the amplitudes of the seasonal components are found to be increasing with time, from • 5.6 ppm in 1958 to •6.2 ppm in 1978 at Mauna Loa and from • 1.0 ppm in 1965 to ~ 1.3 ppm in 1978 at the South Pole. We consider four possible causes of the CO 2 seasonal behavior--changes in the seasonal pattern of fossil fuel use, increasing vegetation, increasing global photosynthetic activity, and changes in ocean temperature--and conclude that it is most likely that the CO 2 seasonal behavior reflects an increase in global photosynthetic activity. 1. INTRODUCTION Many geophysical time series contain seasonal variation. One example is CO2 concentration data in the atmosphere, which are widely known to possess a seasonal cycle, largely due to plant photosynthesis and respiration, superimposed upon an upward trend that is largely due to increasing fossil fuel use [Keeling et al., 1976a, b]. The upward trend has received great publicity because of predictions that further increases in CO2 may have the potential to produce changes in global climate [Hansen et al., 1981; Kukla and Gavin, 1981]. Although the seasonal behavior of the data has been studied as well [Machta, 1972; Hall et al., 1975; Bacastow et al., 1981a, b; Pearman and Hyson, 1980, 1981], it has received somewhat less attention than the upward trend since the seasonal component has been regarded as a relatively stable periodic fluctuation of the concentrations. However, because the seasonal oscillations reflect, at least in part, the effect of vegetation on atmospheric CO2, they provide important information about the properties of plant processes on the earth.During the past several decades, substantial effort has been devoted to developing statistical procedures for describing seasonal variation in time series. Thus far the major area of application has been economic time series [Zellner, 1978], but the methodology is not tied to economic applications and has potential widespread applicability in many other disciplines, including geophysics.In this paper we will describe SABL [Cleveland and Terpenning, 1981; Cleveland et al., 1982], a recently developed set of procedures for decomposing time series into three components: trend, seasonal, and the remaining variation, which is called the irregular. We will use the SABL methodology to decompose atmospheric CO2 in order to assess the seasonal variation.

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“…Correlations between atmospheric CO, and SST variation in areas other than the equatorial Pacific are also reported. Hanson et al (1981) and Schnell et al (1981) showed that the anomalously low increase rate of atmospheric CO, observed at Ocean Weather Station P, and Pt. Barrow and Mauna Loa were well correlated with large negative SST anomalies in the mid-latitude area of North Pacific during the El Niiio years of 1976/77.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the western North Pacific surface water during the 1982/83 El Niño event

Fushimi¹

1987

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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To clarify the effect of oceanic condition on the pC02 in the surface sea water, observations of pC02 in the surface water of the western North Pacific were performed in January and February during the years from 1981 through 1985. An El Niiio event occurred in the tropical Pacific Ocean from 1982 through 1983 and its effect was expected to appear in general oceanic conditions such as relatively low water temperatures, and high salinities in the surface sea water of the tropical and western region. Throughout the El Nifio event, pC02 value in surface water in tropical and western region increased by up to 20 to 40 patm above the normal values. Near the equator along the meridian of 137"E, it was found that a remarkable increase of pC02 was strongly correlated with the increase of salinity in the surface sea water. This finding could be related to eastward displacement of warm water and enhanced upwelling of subsurface water in this area. On the other hand, in the area from 14"N to 5.5"N along the meridian of 137"E, the pC0, and temperatures in the surface sea water, which were strongly correlated with each other, showed lower values than normal by up to 20 patm and I T , respectively, in the year of the El Niiio event. In the area from 14"N to 5.5"N, it was found that the variation of pC02 was stongly correlated with that of water temperatures, with a rate of about 4% pC02/"C.

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On the Influence of Pacific Ocean Temperatures on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Ocean Weather Station P

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

The seasonal component of atmospheric CO₂: Information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time series

Variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the western North Pacific surface water during the 1982/83 El Niño event

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On the Influence of Pacific Ocean Temperatures on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration at Ocean Weather Station P

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Global atmospheric CO2 distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO2 flask sample data

Global atmospheric CO2 distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO2 flask sample data

The seasonal component of atmospheric CO2: Information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time series

Variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the western North Pacific surface water during the 1982/83 El Ni&#xf1;o event

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

Global atmospheric CO₂ distribution and variations from 1968–1982 NOAA/GMCC CO₂ flask sample data

The seasonal component of atmospheric CO₂: Information from new approaches to the decomposition of seasonal time series

Variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure in the western North Pacific surface water during the 1982/83 El Niño event