On the influence of light absorption on visibility: Experimental laboratory study and measurements in vienna

Horváth, H.; Gorraiz, Juan; Habenreich, Th.; Johnson, C. H.

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(83)90134-9

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Airborne sulfuric and nitric acid, produced by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), respectively (), react with gaseous NH 3 to afford ammonium bisulfate (NH 4 HSO 4 ), ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ], and ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) fine particles (aerosol fraction with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less, PM 2.5 ) ( − ). Secondary air pollution particles are well-known to degrade visibility via efficient light scattering ( − ), leading to the dense haze common to many polluted urban atmospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 2. Direct On-Road Ammonia Measurements

Baum

Kiyomiya

Kumar

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Remote sensing was employed for the first time to measure NH3 levels in the exhaust of on-road light duty motor vehicles. The sensor also measured the concentration of CO2, CO, hydrocarbons, and NO, among other pollutants, in the emitted exhaust. Field measurements were conducted at a Los Angeles freeway on-ramp; vehicles traveled at cruise speeds between 20 and 25 m s(-1) (45-55 mi h(-1)). Mean fleet NH3 levels of 44.7 +/- 4.1 ppm were observed. These emissions exhibited a highly skewed distribution: 50.1% of the emitted NH3 was contributed by 10% of the sampled fleet. The pollutant distribution among high NH3 emitters is analyzed to identify the conditions that lead to three-way catalyst malfunction and, hence, NH3 formation. In contradiction with previous reports, we found that high NH3 emissions could not be attributed to vehicles running under rich air-fuel conditions. We estimate a mean fleet NH3 mass emission rate of 667 +/- 57 mg L(-1) (Er = 94 +/- 8 mg km(-1)). These findings could have significant implications on air quality in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of California, since they support the hypothesis that emissions from motor vehicles constitute a dominant regional source of NH3, between 20 and 27% of total daily emissions. As NH3 is the predominant atmospheric base, tropospheric levels play a key role in the buffering capacity of the atmosphere and, hence, the formation of fine aerosol. Our results could explain the ubiquitous distribution of ammonium fine particles observed during fall stagnation conditions in the SoCAB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 2. Direct On-Road Ammonia Measurements

Baum

Kiyomiya

Kumar

et al. 2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels can result in the production of black carbon aerosol, with high emission rates per mass of fuel burned for small sources such as diesel engines and fireplaces (Horvath 1993). The optimal choices for fuel use and for methods of fuel combustion to generate energy continue to be developed and debated against a backdrop of societal concerns such as human health (e.g., Lighty et al 2000), visibility (e.g., National Research Council 1993, and climate impacts (e.g., Andreae 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black carbon aerosols strongly absorb light throughout much of the electromagnetic spectrum, with a characteristic dependence as inverse wavelength in the visible and near-IR. So, in addition to the potential health effects on breathing carbon aerosols, the impacts of light absorption on radiation transfer (e.g., Jacobson 2001), visibility (e.g., Horvath et al 1983;Fox et al 1999), and cloud dynamics (e.g., Ackerman et al 2000;Hansen et al 2000;Lohmann and Feichter 2001) are of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation–Condensation Effects on Resonant Photoacoustics of Volatile Aerosols

Raspet¹,

Slaton²,

Arnott³

et al. 2003

J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.

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In determining the optical properties of the atmosphere, the measurement of light absorption by aerosols is particularly challenging, and yet it is important because of the influence of strongly absorbing black carbon on climate and atmospheric visibility. The photoacoustic method obtains aerosol light absorption in situ, without use of filters, by acoustic measurement of the heat generated from aerosol light absorption, and its transfer to the surrounding air. However, in the general case, volatile aerosols heated by light absorption may also cool by evaporation (mass transfer). In this paper, the limiting case of the photoacoustic response of a volatile aerosol is compared with that of a dry aerosol to further the understanding of the data obtained with photoacoustic instruments. While the theory of photoacoustics of volatile aerosols for low-frequency, nonresonant cells has already been developed, current methods employ high-frequency, acoustically resonant photoacoustic instruments for quantifying atmospheric aerosol light absorption and vehicle exhaust mass concentration associated with black carbon. In this paper, a complete theory of photoacoustics for volatile aerosols is developed that includes additional terms to allow for higher-frequency devices, large particles, and high particle densities. Numerical calculations are used to determine the limits of various approximations.

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Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review

Moosmüller

Chakrabarty

Arnott

2009

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

750

580

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On the influence of light absorption on visibility: Experimental laboratory study and measurements in vienna

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 2. Direct On-Road Ammonia Measurements

Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 2. Direct On-Road Ammonia Measurements

Evaporation–Condensation Effects on Resonant Photoacoustics of Volatile Aerosols

Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review

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