On the influence of fault bends on the growth of sub‐Rayleigh and intersonic dynamic shear ruptures

Rousseau, Carl-Ernst; Rosakis, Ares J.

doi:10.1029/2002jb002310

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus we discount that mechanism. Note that there is no inhibition to obtuse angle branching with left‐lateral slip on the branch; that situation was observed in lab experiments under impact loading [ Rousseau and Rosakis , 2003]. Rousseau and Rosakis diagnosed small tensile fracture arrays along the extensional side of the rupture where the slip was right versus left lateral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fault branching and rupture directivity

Fliss

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Could the directivity of a complex earthquake be inferred from the ruptured fault branches it created? Typically, branches develop in forward orientation, making acute angles relative to the propagation direction. Direct backward branching of the same style as the main rupture (e.g., both right lateral) is disallowed by the stress field at the rupture front. Here we propose another mechanism of backward branching. In that mechanism, rupture stops along one fault strand, radiates stress to a neighboring strand, nucleates there, and develops bilaterally, generating a backward branch. Such makes diagnosing directivity of a past earthquake difficult without detailed knowledge of the branching process. As a field example, in the Landers 1992 earthquake, rupture stopped at the northern end of the Kickapoo fault, jumped onto the Homestead Valley fault, and developed bilaterally there, NNW to continue the main rupture but also SSE for 4 km forming a backward branch. We develop theoretical principles underlying such rupture transitions, partly from elastostatic stress analysis, and then simulate the Landers example numerically using a two-dimensional elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation incorporating slip-weakening rupture. This reproduces the proposed backward branching mechanism based on realistic if simplified fault geometries, prestress orientation corresponding to the region, standard lab friction values for peak strength, and fracture energies characteristic of the Landers event. We also show that the seismic S ratio controls the jumpable distance and that curving of a fault toward its compressional side, like locally along the southeastern Homestead Valley fault, induces near-tip increase of compressive normal stress that slows rupture propagation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Fault branching and rupture directivity

Fliss

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…A longrunning rupture, which is depth limited, as for the DFE event, cannot be modeled in a 2D framework. However, observing the theoretical concepts outlined in Poliakov et al (2002), , and Rousseau and Rosakis (2003), we can argue that the critical factor, other than the geometry and prestress, is the rupture speed as the branch is approached. This can be suitably simulated in 2D, with far greater grid refinement than in 3D simulations, by nucleating a 2D rupture at various distances from the branching location.…”

Section: Numerical Implementation Using the Boundary Integral Equatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore carry out our numerical simulations for different values of rupture velocity when approaching the branching location, including supershear rupture velocity. (Rousseau and Rosakis [2003] have extended branching concepts like in Poliakov et al (2002) to the supershear regime. )…”

Section: Determination Of Parameters Influencing Branching For the Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Slip Transfer from the Denali to Totschunda Faults, Alaska: Testing Theory for Fault Branching

Bhat

Dmowska

Rice

et al. 2004

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We analyze the observed dynamic slip transfer from the Denali to Totschunda faults during the M w 7.9 3 November 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska. This study adopts the theory and methodology of Poliakov et al. (2002) and , in which it was shown that the propensity of the rupture path to follow a fault branch is determined by the preexisting stress state, branch angle, and incoming rupture velocity at the branch location. Here we check that theory on the DenaliTotschunda rupture process using 2D numerical simulations of processes in the vicinity of the branch junction. The maximum compression direction with respect to the strike of the Denali fault near the junction has been estimated to range from approximately 73Њ to 80Њ. We use the values of 70Њ and 80Њ in our numerical simulations. The rupture velocity at branching is not well constrained but has been estimated to average about 0.8 c s throughout the event. We use 0.6 c s , 0.8 c s , 0.9 c s , and even 1.4 c s as parameters in our simulations. We simulate slip transfer by a 2D elastodynamic boundary integral equation model of mode II slip-weakening rupture with self-chosen path along the branched fault system. All our simulations except for 70Њ and 0.9 c s predict that the rupture path branches off along the Totschunda fault without continuation along the Denali fault. In that exceptional case there is also continuation of rupture along the Denali fault at a speed slower than that along the Totschunda fault and with smaller slip.

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“…Our purpose is to find a better criterion to explain physical insight, and to avoid fitting parameters in model predictions. Similarly, Rousseau and Rosakis (2003) used one strength criterion to predict a mode-II interfacial crack initiation. For convenience, we use criterion I to represent Eq.…”

Section: Strength-based Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic interfacial debonding initiation induced by an incident crack

Wang

2006

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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When a crack propagates towards a weak interface, interface debonding may occur before the incident crack reaches the interface. This phenomenon refers to the ''Cook-Gordon mechanism''. In this investigation, an equivalent dynamic CookGordon mechanism is studied both experimentally and analytically. Two strength-based criteria incorporating dynamic fracture mechanics analysis are proposed to predict the initiation location of interface debonding ahead of a dynamic incident crack. As validation, a comparison is made between the analytical predictions and experimental measurements. Results show that the strength-based criteria can effectively predict the initiation of interface debonding. Meanwhile, effects of the stress intensity factor and the T stress of the incident crack, on the interfacial debonding initiation are investigated. It is concluded that high-stress intensity factors of the incident cracks will easily induce interfacial debonding initiation, and changing the T stress is an effective way to control interfacial debonding initiation. Furthermore, high-interfacial tensile strengths rather than shear strengths, tend to suppress interfacial debonding initiation induced by a mode-I incident crack.

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On the influence of fault bends on the growth of sub‐Rayleigh and intersonic dynamic shear ruptures

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

Fault branching and rupture directivity

Fault branching and rupture directivity

Dynamic Slip Transfer from the Denali to Totschunda Faults, Alaska: Testing Theory for Fault Branching

Dynamic interfacial debonding initiation induced by an incident crack

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