On the influence of carbon black on the thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene

Fock, J.

doi:10.1002/pol.1968.110060207

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The presence of carbon black in TPs is also likely to decrease the effect of abiotic photooxidation on the polymeric blend. With an absorption coefficient close to 1 (Razd'yakonova et al, 2013), carbon black protects TPs from UV radiation and is also thought to protect polymers from oxidative degradation because it stabilizes the free radicals that are formed during oxidation (Fock, 1968). Regarding the remaining TP constituents, the available literature suggests that polymeric silica can be biodegraded into monomers by microbes (Lauwers & Heinen, 1974); stearic acid and paraffin wax have been found to be readily biodegradable (G. R. Williams, 1986); and there are studies showing that fungi and bacteria are capable of altering the composition of other additives (Keursten & Groenevelt, 1996; Stevenson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Biodegradability of Tire Tread Particles and Influencing Factors

Nielsen,

Polesel,

Ahonen

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abrasion of tire tread, caused by friction between vehicle tires and road surfaces, causes release of tire wear particles (TWPs) into various environmental compartments. TWPs contribute to chemical‐, microplastic‐, and particulate matter pollution. Their fate remains largely unknown, especially regarding the extent and form in which they persist in the environment. This study investigated 1) the biodegradability of tread particles (TPs) in the form of ground tire tread, 2) how accelerated UV‐weathering affect their biodegradability, and 3) which TP constituents are likely contributors to TP biodegradability based on their individual biodegradability. A series of closed bottle tests, with aerobic aqueous medium inoculated with activated sludge, were carried out for pristine TPs, UV‐weathered TPs, and selected TP constituents; natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), and treated distillate aromatic extracts (TDAE). Biodegradation was monitored by manometric respirometry quantifying biological oxygen consumption over 28 days. Pristine TP biodegradability was found to be 4.5%. UV‐weathered TPs showed higher biodegradability of 6.7% and 8.0% with similar and increased inoculum concentration, respectively. The observed TP biodegradation was mainly attributed to biodegradation of NR and TDAE, with individual biodegradability of 35.4% and 8.0%, respectively. IR and BR showed negligible biodegradability. These findings indicate biodegradability of individual constituents is decreased by a factor of 2 to 5 when compounded into TPs. Through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, biodegradation was found to cause surface erosion. Processes of TP biodegradation are expected to change throughout their lifetime as new constituents are incorporated from the road and others degrade and/or leach out. Tire emissions likely persist as particles with an increased fraction of synthetic rubbers and carbon black.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Biodegradability of Tire Tread Particles and Influencing Factors

Nielsen,

Polesel,

Ahonen

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Filatov [13] pyrolysed PTFE intimately mixed with CoF 3 in a batch reactor and found that the yields of gaseous products were greatly reduced, but that the yield of perfluoroparaffins (6 to 26 carbons in length) was greatly improved. Fock [5] found that the carbon black used in carbon-filled PTFE contained large numbers of unpaired electrons and that this composite material showed vastly different decomposition rates to neat and bronze-filled PTFE. He also found that the bronze-filled PTFE did not degrade much differently compared with neat PTFE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%